APS 2006
Abstracts

W41.00001 : Cold Fusion – A 17 Year Retrospective
(Source: New Energy Times)
2:30 PM–2:42 PM

Michael C. H. McKubre, Francis L. Tanzella, (SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.

Seventeen years after the APS voted to refute the reality of Cold Fusion in Baltimore, it is appropriate to consider what has changed. Who was right? We will review the current state of knowledge from the perspective of what we know now compared to what we knew then. Discussion will be made of various avenues of research that have followed from the original Fleischmann-Pons proposal: some failed, some unresolved and some successful.

W41.00002 : Recent Developments in Cold Fusion / Condensed Matter Nuclear Science
2:42 PM–2:54 PM

Steven B. Krivit
    (New Energy Times, 11664 National Blvd., Suite 142, Los Angeles, CA 90064)

Krivit will present a brief overview and update of the cold fusion field; reviewing the scientific, political and publishing progress, and the developing commercial interests.

Krivit is the editor of New Energy Times, the leading source of information for cold fusion field, an author of the 2005 book, The Rebirth of Cold Fusion, and founder of New Energy Institute.

W41.00003 : Role of Finite Size in Triggering Excess Heat: Why Nanoscale PdD Crystals Turn on Faster
2:54 PM–3:06 PM
Scott Chubb
Research Systems Inc, 9822 Pebble Weigh Ct., Burke, VA 22015

Two persistent questions have been: 1. Why is a finite triggering time required after the near full-loading condition (PdDx, 0.85 \approx < x >1) before the Excess Heat effect {C.G. Beaudette, Excess Heat: Why Cold Fusion Research Prevailed. (Oak Grove Press, Bristol, ME, 2002)} is observed? 2. Is it possible to identify physical properties of the materials and/or crystals that are used that might be playing a role in the length of the interval of time associated with this phenomenon? In the talk, through a generalization { S.R. Chubb, "Role of Broken Gauge Symmetry on Conduction of Charged and Neutral Particles in Finite Lattices," submitted to Proc Roy. Soc Series A (2005).} of conventional energy band theory, as it applies to infinitely-repeating, periodic lattices to situations involving finite lattices, I have been able to address both questions. In particular, the tunneling time depends on crystal size. Crystals with dimensions approx <6 nm, which have tunneling times approx microseconds, either can not provide enough momentum to initiate d+d > 4He reactions or conduct ion charge so rapidly that collisions occur. Crystals with dimensions 60nm create heat and load rapidly (approx 3 ms). But crystals with dimensions > approx 60 microns have tunneling times that are longer than a month.

U33.00004 : Reproducibility of Excess of Power and Evidence of 4He in Palladium Foils Loaded with Deuterium
8:36 AM-8:48 AM
M.M. Apicella, G. Mazzitelli, F. Sarto, E. Santoro, V. Violante (ENEA Frascati Research Center, V.le E. Fermi, 45 00044 Frascati (RM), Italy)
H. Branover, A. El Boher, S. Lesin, T. Zilov ( Energetics, Ltd, Omer Industrial Park 84965 Israel)
I. Dardik, (Energetics LLC 7 Fieldview Lane, Califon, NJ 07830)
E. Castagna, C. Sibilia, (La Sapienza University, Via Scarpa, 14 00100 (Roma) Italy)
M. McKubre, F. Tanzella, (SRI International 333 Ravenswood Ave, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA)

Research at ENEA was oriented to material science study, in order to increase the deuterium concentration in palladium foils undergone to electrochemical loading and to triggering, in order to increase the reproducibility of excess of power production. Laser irradiation was used as trigger. Isoperibolic and flow calorimetry operating with electrochemical cells have been developed in order to reveal excess of power production. Nuclear ashes detection has been performed by means of high resolution and high sensitivity mass spectrometer. Material science studies allowed to obtain a palladium showing high solubility for hydrogen isotopes and giving deuterium concentration at equilibrium larger than 0.95 (as D/Pd atomic fraction) with a reproducibility larger than 90%. Excess of power experiments have been successfully carried out at Energetics Laboratory and at SRI. by using materials prepared at ENEA.Preliminary measurements give an 4He signal in reasonable agreement with the expected D+D = 4He + heat reaction.

U33.00005 : Kinetics and Lumped Parameter Model of Tardive Excess Thermal Power
8:48 AM-9:00 AM
Mitchell Swartz (JET Thermal Products, Wellesley, MA)

The time-integral of tardive excess thermal power (TETP) was previously misnamed "heat after death" {Pons, S., Fleischman, M., Trans Fusion Tech, 26, 4T, Part 2, p. 87 (1994).}. We have examined the kinetics of tardive excess thermal power (TETP) which occurs after driving, fully loaded, activated, spiral wound cold fusion Phusor cathodes (Pd/D2O/Pt; {Swartz. M., G. Verner, Proc. ICCF-10 (2004).}, {Swartz. M., Proc.ICCF-10 (2003).}) at their optimal operating point {Swartz, M., Fusion Technology, 31, 63-74 (1997).}. TETP, after input electrical power produced an excess power (compared to an ohmic joule control) of 165+/-15 percent [excess power ~ 1.3 Watts], had kinetics suggestive of two distinct sources or physical active regions within the lattice {Swartz. M., G. Verner, ICCF-11 (2004).}. An electrical engineering TETP model had good correlation. The active palladium lattice has a deuteron-loading capacitance of ~64 micromoles per volt*. The lattice admittance for the TETP reactions (~7 picomoles/[sec-volt*]) is dwarfed by the admittance for outgassing deuteron loss (~15 nanomoles/[sec-volt*]).

U33.00006 : Models for Anomalies in Metal Deuterides
9:00 AM-9:12 AM
Peter L. Hagelstein (Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139)

There have been a great many claims for anomalies in experiments on metal deuterides, including excess heat, heat correlated with helium, slow tritium, low-level dd-fusion, and particle emission not produced by dd-fusion reactions. We have studied models that involve phonon exchange with a highly excited phonon mode in the case of fusion reactions and disintegrations. We have recently generalized the approach to include phonon- mediated nuclear excitations. The resulting models may be applicable to experiments in which evidence for penetrating radiation is found, as well as to some transmutation effects.

U33.00007 : Bloch-Sensitive Nuclides 
9:12 AM-9:24 AM
Talbot A. Chubb (Physicist Consultant, 5023 N 38th St., Arlington, VA)

Documented condensed matter nuclear science includes Fleischmann and Pons radiationless dd fusion reactions, Iwamura alpha-addition transmutations, and Oriani MeV particle showers. All require partitioned coherent matter in which fractions of each single ``wave like" particle are entangled {T. A. Chubb, ``Bloch Nuclides, Iwamura Transmutations, and Oriani Showers", ICCF11 Abstract}. If the work required to bring side-by-side deuterons into contact is somehow reduced enough, an energy-minimizing 2-body anti-correlation form of wave function replaces the "molecule" configuration, allowing cold fusion. In the Iwamura process, a second fusion step fuses 2 spin-zero 4He2+Bloch ions to form 8Be4+ Bloch. The nuclear ground state energy of the product nucleus is a function of the number of fragments into which it is partitioned. It is "Bloch sensitive", i.e., its energy level is a function of Nwell, the number of potential wells into which the 8Be4+

Bloch is partitioned. The dependence of energy on lattice parameter Nwell strongly couples nuclear and electromagnetic forces at the boundary of the coherently ordered volume, causing energy transfer to the lattice. 

U33.00008 : Experiment and Theory for Nuclear Reactions in Nano-Materials Show e14 - e16 Solid-State Fusion Reactions
9:24 AM-9:36 AM
Russ George (D2Fusion Inc. San Francisco,CA)

Nano-lattices of deuterium loving metals exhibit coherent behavior by populations of deuterons (d's) occupying a Bloch state. Therein, coherent d-overlap occurs wherein the Bloch condition reduces the Coulomb barrier. Overlap of dd pairs provides a high probability fusion will/must occur. SEM photo evidence showing fusion events is now revealed by laboratories that load or flux d into metal nano-domains. Solid-state dd fusion creates an excited 4He nucleus entangled in the large coherent population of d's. This contrasts with plasma dd fusion in collision space where an isolated excited 4He nucleus seeks the ground state via fast particle emission. In momentum limited solid state fusion, fast particle emission is effectively forbidden. Photographed nano-explosive events are beyond the scope of chemistry. Corroboration of the nuclear nature derives from photographic observation of similar events on spontaneous fission, e.g. Cf. We present predictive theory, heat production, and helium isotope data showing reproducible e14 to e16 solid-state fusion reactions.

U33.00009 : Simultaneous Excess Power And Anomalous Radiation
9:36 AM-9:48 AM
Melvin H. Miles (Dept. of Chemistry, Univ. of LaVerne, CA )

Experimental studies of a Pd/D2O + LiOD/Pt electrolysis cell displayed the characteristics of the excess power effect during seven occasions over a 22-day period { M.H. Miles, J. Electroanal. Chem., 482, 56 (2000).}. These measurements clearly show the anomalous increase in the cell temperature from two thermistors despite the steadily decreasing electrical input power during electrolysis. During this same time period, the cell thermistor located close to the palladium cathode showed strange temperature excursions that suggest electromagnetic radiation emissions from this cathode { M.H. Miles, "NEDO Final Report", March 31, 1998. {http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/milesmnedofinalr.pdf}.

These sudden temperature excursions ranged from 1 to 16 degrees C and quickly returned to normal. The second thermistor in this cell that was located at a more distant position, where any electromagnetic radiation from the cathode would have to pass through the platinum anode, showed only normal temperature behavior. Later studies using a set of five thermistors also showed anomalous temperature excursions for any thermistors placed in close contact with a Cs-137 radioactive source (b-decay, 94% 0.511 MeV energy). However, the number of such temperature excursions using Cs-137 was much less than the number observed in the active Pd/D2O electrolysis cell for the same time period.

U33.00010 : Low Mass 1.6 MHz Sonofusion Device
9:48 AM-10:00 AM
Roger S. Stringham (First Gate Energies, PO Box 1230 Kilauea, HI 96754, Phone: 808 828 2859)

We have developed a much improved cavitation system for sonofusion, compared to our initial systems. The new system is a low mass 1.6 MHz unit that produces 40 watts of excess heat with an acoustic input power of 17 watts. The increase in frequency (to 1.6 MHz from 40 KHz) increases the heat, improves the performance, shows reproducible results, and indicates durability. The calorimetry is a simple in flow through system. The difference between output and input temperature at steady-state, times the flow gives the power (calories/s) output of the sonofusion reactor. The energy density of this system is of the order of commercial energy suppliers.

U33.00011 : Cold Fusion, A Journalistic Investigation
10:00 AM-10:12 AM
Steven B. Krivit (New Energy Times, 11664 National Blvd., Suite 142, Los Angeles, CA 90064)

Coauthor of the recent book, The Rebirth of Cold Fusion, and founder of New Energy Times, Steven B. Krivit presents a summary of cold fusion's, past, present and possible future. This talk will briefly review five highlights of the recent New Energy Times investigation into cold fusion research:

1. Analysis of early studies that supposedly disproved cold fusion.
2. Key early corroborations that supported the claims of Fleischmann and Pons.
3. The evolving understanding of cold fusion reaction paths and by-products.
4. Brief comparison of the progress in hot fusion research as compared to cold fusion research.

U33.00012 : Why You Should Believe Cold Fusion is Real
10:12 AM-10:24 AM
Edmund K. Storms (Lattice Energy, LLC, 2140 Paseo Ponderosa, Santa Fe, NM 87501)

Nuclear reactions are now claimed to be initiated in certain solid materials at an energy too low to overcome the Coulomb barrier. These reactions include fusion, accelerated radioactive decay, and transmutation involving heavy elements. Evidence is based on hundreds of measurements of anomalous energy using a variety of calorimeters at levels far in excess of error, measurement of nuclear products using many normally accepted techniques, observations of many patterns of behavior common to all studies, measurement of anomalous energetic emissions using accepted techniques, and an understanding of most variables that have hindered reproducibility in the past. This evidence can be found at {www.lenr-canr.org}. Except for an accepted theory, the claims have met all requirements normally required before a new idea is accepted by conventional science, yet rejection continues. How long can the US afford to reject a clean and potentially cheap source of energy, especially when other nations are attempting to develop this energy and the need for such an energy source is so great?

U33.00013 : Framework for Understanding LENR Processes, Using Ordinary Condensed Matter Physics
10:24 AM-10:36 AM
Scott Chubb (Research Systems, Inc., 9822 Pebble Weigh Ct., Burke, VA 22015-3378)

As I have emphasized {S.R. Chubb, Proc. ICCF10 (in press), also http://www.lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ChubbSRnutsandbol.pdf}, S.R. Chubb, Trans. Amer. Nuc. Soc. 88 , 618 (2003).}, in discussions of Low Energy Nuclear Reactions(LENRs), mainstream many-body physics ideas have been largely ignored. A key point is that in condensed matter, delocalized, wave-like effects can allow large amounts of momentum to be transferred instantly to distant locations, without any particular particle (or particles) acquiring high velocity through a Broken Gauge Symmetry. Explicit features in the electronic structure explain how this can occur in finite size PdD crystals, with real boundaries. The essential physics can be related to standard many-body techniques. {Burke,P.G. and K.A. Berrington, {Atomic and Molecular Processes: an R matrix Approach, (Bristol: IOP Publishing, 1993).}. In the paper, I examine this relationship, the relationship of the theory to other LENR theories, and the importance of certain features (for example, boundaries) that are not included in the other LENR theories.

U33.00014 : Morphology of fission gas bubbles in fissioning uranium metal closely
Russ George (D2Fusion Inc. San Francisco, CA)

We investigate by SEM the micro-structural and basic phenomenological mechanisms governing the fission-gas and fusion-gas behaviour in metals. This comparative study clearly shows the characteristics of fission-gas bubbles (primarily helium and xenon) in uranium fuel metals have the same characteristics as fusion-gas bubbles (helium) in the solid-state fusion metal - palladium. The remarkably similar characteristic morphology clearly identifies the nuclear phenomenological origins of the gas bubbles in the palladium metal which are correlated and explained by the presence of a large amount of DD fusion. Allied evidence of anomalous heat production during cold fusion experiments suggests the nuclear process. Further analysis of these fusion metals by mass spectroscopy clearly identifies anomalous helium isotopes in large quantity were trapped in the palladium metal.