This paper summarizes and explains the results of all previous technical publications about the W-L theory at a lower level of mathematical detail; unlike many earlier papers it is much more conceptually oriented.
Summarizing, “Three seemingly diverse physical phenomena, viz., metallic hydride cells, exploding wires and the solar corona, do have a unifying theme. Under appropriate conditions which we have now well delineated, in all these processes electromagnetic energy gets collectively harnessed to provide enough kinetic energy to a certain fraction of the electrons to combine with protons (or any other ions present) and produce neutrons through weak interactions. The produced neutrons then combine with other nuclei to induce low-energy nuclear reactions and transmutations.”
Because the WLT impinges many areas of study, readers are urged to start with the “Primer” and then examine details in other papers as dictated by specific interests. Note again that in magnetically organized astrophysical plasmas (which typically occur on relatively large length-scales, as opposed to nanometers to microns for LENR processes in condensed matter) W-L theory involves many-body collective magnetic effects. Also note that in large length-scale, magnetically dominated regimes, neutrons produced via weak interactions per W-L theory are not necessarily ultra low momentum (ULM).
In stars’ magnetic flux tubes and more violent events like solar flare ‘explosions’, neutrons and a varying array of other particles (e.g., protons, positrons) may be created at energies that range all the way up to 500 GeV and even beyond. In the case of dusty astrophysical plasmas in regions where average temperatures are such that intact embedded dust grains and nanoparticles (which may be strongly charged) can exist for a time therein, W-L condensed matter LENRs producing ~ULM neutrons may also occur on the surfaces of such particles.
Also published in this paper for the first time are detailed calculations and a discussion about how the authors’ collective many-body magnetic mechanism can accelerate particles to GeV energies in solar flares. This acceleration mechanism is not only capable of accelerating electrons and protons in a solar flare to hundreds of GeVs but it also yields a high-energy positron flux which is a substantial fraction of the overall cosmic ray positron flux; the authors are unaware of any similar theoretical estimate published in the literature. |
|
