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Back to Bubblegate Portal |
The main purpose of this index is to provide a comprehensive archive of all documents related to Bubblegate. This index includes some minor overlap with the Bubblegate News and Press Releases Index because there are key news items and press releases that have played such a significant role in the events that they are included here as well. This index also serves as a chronology, so events with no related documents are also listed.
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| Sept. 3, 2011 - Taleyarkhan's 28-month federal debarment ends. |
| April 13, 2011 - NAVINSGEN transmits June 2, 2010, completion report to DoDIG |
| Feb. 15, 2011 - Adams was orally counseled by Chief of Naval Research, Corporate Logistics Dept, ONR [092] |
| Jan. 7, 2011, DoN CAF signed endorsment of Adams' Notification of Security Eligibility Determination. [092] |
| 2011 |
| |
| Sept.15, 2010 - DoN Central Adjudication Facility reinstates Holly Adams' security clearance and assigned her to a sensitive position. (As of Jan. 30, 2012, she was working in the capacity of ONR FOIA Officer.) [092] |
| Aug. 6, 2010 - ONR ED |
| July 8, 2010 - NAVINSGEN transmits completion report to ONR IG Office. (Adams' former office.) |
| June 2, 2010 - NAVINSGEN writes completion report [092] |
| March 22, 2010 - NAVINSGEN assigned sombody [source redacted] to conduct full investigation into Krivit's complaint. [092] |
| Jan. 2010 - ONR - Deborah Arnold "Acting ONR IG" (Replacing Adams) |
| Jan. 5, 2010 - Krivit Calls Carter |
| 2010 |
| Dec. 17, 2009 - Krivit Writes Letter to Carter |
| Dec. 8, 2009 -
Employment Law Group/Mr. Adam Carter - Writes Letter to Krivit |
| Dec. 8, 2009 - Somebody [source redacted] directed NAVINSGEN to conduct preliminary inquiry in response to Krivit compliaint. [092] |
| Nov. 23, 2009 - Science: Debarment story refers readers to New Energy Times |
| Nov. 23, 2009 - Nature/Reich: Debarment story |
| Nov. 20, 2009 - New Energy Times breaks story of debarment |
| Nov. 19, 2009 - AIO debarment letter leaked to media, reporters begin to ask Taleyarkhan questions |
| Nov. 16, 2009 - New Energy Times announces JEM paper on NET blog |
| Sept. 3, 2009 - Journal of Environmental Monitoring publishes Krivit/Marwan paper online with segment devoted to "bubble fusion" |
| July 31, 2009 - Jevremovic's last day at Purdue. Moves to University of Utah (See also March 13, 2009) |
| July 1, 2009 - Ahmed Hassanein appointed head of Purdue School of Nuclear Engineering. (Replaces Acting Head Vince Bralts, replaces former head Lefteri Toukalas) |
| June 22, 2009 - Physics Today/Marty Hanna - Letter to Lahey (See also Feb. 20, 2009, Nov. 8, 2008 and Oct. 7, 2009) |
| July 10, 2009 - AIO/Brennan: Denies Taleyarkhan's request for meeting to reconsider. |
| June 16, 2009 - DoD IG requests NAVINSGEN to take action on complaint. |
| June 9, 2009 - AIO/Moore: Advises Taleyarkhan that he can arrange meeting with either Dan Blalock and/or Anne Brennan (the Acting Suspending and
Debarring Official) for reconsideration of debarment. |
| May 19, 2009 - Complaint filed [092] |
| May 15, 2009 (or earlier) - Wilkoff Unexplained Departure from AIO |
| May 14, 2009 - DoD received complaint by Krivit against Holly Adams [092] |
| May 7, 2009 - Warren Worth, Senior Official Investigator,
Assistance and Investigations,
Inspector General of the Marine Corps interviews Krivit in California Regarding Holly Adams |
| May 4, 2009 AIO/Wilkoff - Signs Taleyarkhan Debarment Letter |
| May 4, 2009 AIO/Moore - Signs Taleyarkhan Debarment Letter |
| April 28, 2009 - Aquisition Integrity Office Briefing (General Information) |
| April 1, 2009 - Adams placed on administrative leave and reassigned [092] |
| March 27, 2009 - NCIS intiates special inquiry into Adams' communications with Krivit. |
| March 18, 2009 - Krivit provides "The UCLA-UIUC Non-Mirror of the ORNL Bubble Fusion Experiment" to NAVY AIO in AIO office. |
| March 18, 2009 - Taleyarkhan makes appeal at AIO office. Krivit speaks with NCIS investigator Ken Frederick about Adam's failure to perform independent investigation. Frederick begins inquiry regarding Adam's communications with Krivit. [092] |
| March 13, 2009 - Lewis: Purdue University Professor Settles Defamation Lawsuit |
| March 12, 2009 - Taleyarkhan: Confirmation to AIO of scope of "Administrative Record" in their possession |
| March 9, 2009 - AIO/Blalock: Transmittal Letter of Administrative Record |
| March 5, 2009 - Jevremovic-Taleyarkhan Settlement Reached |
| Feb. 26, 2009 - Adams: Sends letter to Krivit and asserts that his allegations toward Tsoukalas and Putterman were outside ONR authority. |
| Feb. 20, 2009 - Lahey Letter to Physics Today (See also June 22, 2009, Nov. 8, 2008 and Oct. 7, 2009) |
| Feb. 20, 2009 - Lahey Letter to Popular Science (See also Jan. 2009) |
| Feb. 17, 2009, 9:42 a.m. -11:55 a.m. - ONR Meeting; Adams, Krivit, Vietti, Newburn |
| Feb. 15, 2009 - Krivit arrives in Washington, D.C. |
| Feb. 13, 2009 - Krivit calls Adams. |
| Feb. 13, 2009 - Taleyarkhan: Recevies cover letter from Wilkoff and reccomendation letter from Moore |
| Feb. 5, 2009 -AIO/Wilkoff Fraud Briefing (General Information) |
| Feb. 3, 2009 - AIO - Sends Proposed Debarment to Taleyarkhan |
| Feb. 2, 2009 - ONR/Holly Adams: Closes investigation, sends files and reccommendation to debar to AIO |
| Feb. 2, 2009 - New Energy Times/Krivit: Purdue "Findings of Fact" Cross-Referenced with Source References for Allegations A.2 and B.2 |
| Feb. 1, 2009 - Bubblegate Library Index Snapshot |
| Jan. 16, 2009 - ONR [Executive Director] concurred with the STIB's recommendation of debarment and forwarded the recommendation to
the Department of the Navy (DoN) Acquisition Integrity Office
(AIO) |
| Jan. 12, 2009 - New Energy Times Bubblegate Special Report: Purdue Knew:
Purdue's Persecution of Professor Rusi Taleyarkhan |
Jan. 12, 2009 -
New Energy Times Bubblegate Special Report: Sonofusion Research Scuttled:
Putterman and Suslick's Response to Taleyarkhan's Discovery and Other Science Misdeeds (Originally published in Bubblegate Special Report Dec. 17, 2008)
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| Jan. 2009 - Popular Science/Josh Dean: "This Machine Might Save the World" (See also Feb. 20, 2009) |
| Jan. 1, 2009 - OMB Debarment and Suspension (General Information) |
| 2009 |
| Dec. 16-19, 2008: tbd |
| Dec, 17, 2008 - New Energy Times/Krivit: Bubblegate Special Report |
Dec. 14, 2008 - New York Times/Ann FinkBeiner: No Light at the End of the Test Tube
Key Quote: "In 2002, another team of scientists claimed that sound waves in liquid could create hot little bubbles that imploded and caused fusion. But this effort — recounted vividly by Seife, who originally covered it for Science magazine, which published the controversial paper — couldn’t be repeated either and likewise ended in disgrace." |
| Dec. 2008- Judge Johnson announces plans to step down from bench, he has been hired to work for Purdue Administration (Also on Purdue Advisory Board) |
| Dec. 2008 - Adams reconvenes STIB because STIB thought Purdue sanctions from August against Taleyarkhan were "too light." STIB recommends debarment for Taleyarkhan. |
| Dec. 12, 2008 - American Physical Society/Physical Review Letters (Editorial Director) Daniel T. Kulp: Publishes Editorial Note Regarding Purdue Sanctions - (See also Sept. 24, 2008. Sept. 25, 2008, Bubblegate Investigation Timeline) See also: Record of Communications with Kulp |
Dec. 13, 2008 - New Energy Times/Krivit: Bubblegate Delivery of Sanctions
Key quote: - Taleyarkhan quotes Bralts "Sorry, I lied to you; it's not about your accounts. Please open this package."
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Dec. 3, 2008 - New Energy Times/Krivit: Request for Comment to UCLA (Putterman and Naranjo)
(Neither responded) |
Dec. 3, 2008 - New Energy Times/Krivit: Request for Comment to Bralts
(Bralts did not respond)
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| Nov. 27, 2008 - Wallheimer announces plans to leave Journal & Courier, he has been hired to work for Purdue in media relations capacity |
| Nov. 17, 2008 - Putterman: Screen capture of Web site (Custom-Built Neutron Detector) |
| Nov. 14, 2008 - West-Lahey: Follow-up Questions Regarding 2002 Suslick Paper (See Nov. 26, 2002- West) |
| Nov. 12, 2008 - ONR Develops concerns about Taleyarkhan's NSF award [092] |
| Nov. 8, 2008 - Physics Today/Barbara Goss Levi: Bubble Fusion Scientist Disciplined - (See also Oct. 7, 2008, Feb. 20, 2009) |
| Nov. 7, 2008 - Taleyarkhan Group: Affirmation of Independence |
| Nov. 5, 2008 - Journal and Courier/Wallheimer: Lawyer: 'Bubble fusion' prof will sue Purdue |
| Nov. 5, 2008 - Former Purdue Professor: Confirms Grievance and Resignation from Purdue |
| Nov. 1, 2008 - New Energy Times/Krivit: Purdue Reallocates Research Ethics Responsibilities (pdf) |
| Nov. 1, 2008 - Journal and Courier/Wallheimer:
'Education is key' as Purdue steps up ethics efforts |
| Oct. 31, 2008 - Purdue News Service: Rollock named vice president for ethics and compliance |
| Oct. 30, 2008 - Seife: Quotes from Will Happer, Richard Garwin and Don Kennedy Regarding 2002 Science Paper |
| Oct. 30, 2008 - Charles Seife: Sun in a Bottle: The Strange History of Fusion and the Science of Wishful Thinking |
| Oct. 30, 2008 - Economist: Economics focus A biased market
- (Regarding biased media reporting) |
| Oct. 24, 2008 - Purdue/Buckius-Dunn: Response to Taleyarkhan Oct. 20 Letter (Not public) |
| Oct. 24, 2008 - Purdue/Buckius-Dunn: Response to Taleyarkhan Oct. 20 Letter (E-mail) (Not public) |
| Oct. 20, 2008 - New Energy Times/Krivit: Video - Bubblegate: How Purdue Fabricated the Allegations |
| Oct. 20, 2008 - New Energy Times/Krivit: Purdue University Changes Rules for Misconduct Investigations (pdf) |
| Oct. 15, 2008 - Exponent/Conn: Editor Questions Allegations Against Purdue Professor |
| Oct. 14, 2008 - Taleyarkhan: Reaction to Dunn and UCLA Initiatiation of Investigation |
| Oct. 14, 2008 - Purdue/Dunn: Initiates (with UCLA) Taleyarkhan Investigation (E-mail) (Not public) |
| Oct. 14, 2008 - Purdue/Dunn: Initiates (with UCLA) Taleyarkhan Investigation (Not public) |
| Oct. 14, 2008 - Purdue/Dunn: Declines Krivit Request for Inquiry Committee Report |
| Oct. 14, 2008 - New Energy Times/Krivit: Article -Purdue Research Integrity Committee Fabricates Allegations (pdf) |
| Oct. 13, 2008 - New Energy Times/Krivit: Request for Comment to Hermodson and Córdova |
| Oct. 9, 2008 - Taleyarkhan: Ciivil Complaint Filed |
| Oct. 7, 2008 - Taleyarkhan Group: Record of Communications with Physics Today / Barbara Gross Levi - (See also Nov. 8, 2008) |
| Oct. 2008 - Adams visits Purdue. [092] |
| Sept. 25, 2008 - APS/Kulp: Draft 1 of Editorial Note (Draft 2) (Draft 3) (See Also Dec. 12, 2008) |
| Sept. 24, 2008 - American Physical Society/Physical Review Letters (Editorial Director) Daniel T. Kulp: Initiates Editorial Note Regarding Purdue Sanctions |
| Sept. 24, 2008 - Physics Today(American Physical Society)/Barbara Gross Levi: Initiates Article Regarding Purdue Sanctions - (See also Oct. 7, 2008 and Nov. 8, 2008) |
| Sept. 22, 2008 - Nature/Reich: FOIA Request into Non-Bubble Fusion Research by Taleyarkhan |
Sept. 14, 2008 - Zimmerman: Retreats from New Energy Times Questions
Key Quotes:
- Krivit: "
You wrote that Taleyarkhan intended to 'deceive the editors of Physical Review Letters.' Do you want to remain on record as making this statement?"
- Zimmerman: "You have given me much to chew on and a need to check physics journal articles by teams that do not include Taleyarkhan or any of his collaborators. This will take a few days..."
(See also Sept. 10, 2008, Sept. 14, 2008, July 28, 2008,
Bubblegate Investigation Timeline)
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| Sept. 14, 2008 - Taleyarkhan: Table of Alleged Threats and Malpractice From Purdue (Not public) |
| Sept. 12, 2008 - Krivit: Telephone Call to Adam Butt |
| Sept. 12, 2008 - Taleyarkhan: Purdue's Attempts to Coerce Taleyarkhan |
Sept. 10, 2008 - New Energy Times Begins Asking Zimmerman Questions
- (See also Sept. 14, 2008, July 28, 2008, Bubblegate Investigation Timeline) |
| Sept. 4, 2008 - NSF awards Purdue/Taleyarkhan research grant |
| Sept. 4, 2008 - Purdue Police Interview Iishi (after multiple attempts) "I'm a distinguished professor that has brought in $10 to $20 million to this university and she is a little fish," Iishi told police, referring to Darla Mize. Iishi admitted to police that he told Mize "this is a big problem for you." (Source: Police report) |
| Sept. 3, 2008 - New Energy Times/Krivit: Bubblegate: Send Lawyers, Affidavits and Money |
| Sept. 2, 2008 - Taleyarkhan: Regarding Butt Statement, Contrasted with Butt Test Testimony |
| Sept. 1, 2008 - Tsoukalas: Sends e-mail to Adams. He states, that the "faculty" of the SNE thought the sanctions were too light. He asks her to visit Purdue. [156 pg. 15] |
| Sept. 1, 2008 - Roger Bennett: Letter from Tsoukalas' Attorney to Krivit |
| Sept. 1, 2008 - Nature India/Jayaraman: Bubble fusion discoverer says his science is vindicated |
| Aug. 2008 - Purdue: Purdue SNE and Government Grants |
| Aug 28 - 2008 - Mize discusses Ishii's threatening behavior with Downar |
| Aug 28 - 2008 - Darla Mize Threatened in her office with intent to intimidate by Purdue professor Mamoru Iishi because Iishi learned about Mize's affidavit on New Energy Times Web site. "You're in big, big trouble. You'll be sorry." (Iishi). Professor Takashi Hibiki witnessed. Dean Leah Jamieson places call to Purdue Police. Officer M.J. Rosenbarber Responds. Jamieson, with Purdue Human Resources, decided to advise Mize to go home. Mize informed by police of options to obtain workplace restraining order, utilizing 911 and other safety suggestions. (Source: Police report) (See also Sept. 4, 2008) |
| Aug. 28 - Sept. 1, 2008 - Vortex Message Thread Regarding Mize Affidavit and SNE Racism - (See also Bubblegate Affidavits) |
| Aug. 28, 2008 - Taleyarkhan: Repsonse to Request for Comment from Eugenie Samuel Reich |
| Aug. 28, 2008 - Exponent/Staff: Committee Denies Prof's Appeal |
| Aug. 28, 2008 - Journal and Courier/Wallheimer: Purdue Punishes Professor |
| Aug. 27, 2008 - Purdue News Service: Purdue Sanctions Professor for Research Misconduct |
| Aug. 27, 2008 - Purdue/Woodson: Sanctions for Research Misconduct |
| Aug. 27, 2008 - Purdue notifies ONR of sanctions, corrective action.[092] |
| Aug. 26, 2008 - New Energy Times/Krivit: Bubble Fusion Researchers Publish Again (NED) |
Aug. 21, 2008 - Purdue Appeal Committee: Denial of C-22 Appeal from Taleyarkhan - (Response to Fabrication Allegations)
(See also March 29, 2008) |
| Aug. 26, 2008 - Lewis and Wilkins: Bubble Fusion Studies Vetted and Cleared by NED |
| Aug. 5, 2008 - Taleyarkhan, R.P., Lapinskas, J., Xu, Y., Cho, J.S., Block, R.C., Lahey Jr., R.T. and Nigmatulin, R.I. , "Modeling, analysis and prediction of neutron emission spectra from acoustic cavitation bubble fusion experiments," Nuclear Engineering and Design,
Volume 238, Vol. 10, Pages 2779-279 |
| July 30, 2008 - Journal and Courier/Wallheimer: Purdue researcher lays out misconduct defense |
| July 28, 2008 - Taleyarkhan: C-22 Appeal/Rebuttal Report - Exhibit 1 Comments on Xu-Butt 2005 Press Release |
| July 28, 2008 - Taleyarkhan: C-22 Appeal/Rebuttal Report - Exhibit 1, Excerpt - Ice-Packs and UCLA Accusation |
July 28, 2008 - Taleyarkhan: C-22 Appeal/Rebuttal Report - Exhibit 1 (Not public)
(See also March 29, 2008) |
| July 28, 2008 - Taleyarkhan: C-22 Appeal/Rebuttal Report - Summary |
July 28, 2008 - Peter Zimmerman: Makes Public Character Attacks on Taleyarkhan
Key Quote: "Much worse, Taleyarkhan advised Physical Review Letters that an earlier paper in Science had been 'independently concerned.' One may quibble as to whether Taleyarkhan had fraud in mind, but the effect was to deceive the editors of Physical Review Letters."
|
| July 28, 2008 - New Energy Times/Krivit: Welcome to Bubblegate |
Jul 27, 2008 - Taleyarkhan: Regarding Fabrication and Falsification of C-22 Committee
Key Quote: "It is ironic that the ones charged with deciding on fabrication themselves fabricated and falsified!!!" |
July 25, 2008 - Science/Service: SCIENTIFIC MISCONDUCT: New Purdue Panel Faults Bubble Fusion Pioneer
Key quote: "Kenneth Suslick, a chemist at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, and a longtime critic of bubble fusion, calls the report 'some kind of vindication.' Suslick says he was disappointed the report didn't more squarely address questions of possible scientific fraud..." |
| July 23, 2008 - Exponent/Hoffman: Professor found guilty will appeal decision |
| July 21, 2008 - Taleyarkhan: Response to Purdue C-22 Investigation Committee Final Report |
| July 21, 2008 - Taleyarkhan, Lewis: Reply to Science/Service Request for Comment (See July 25 - Science/Service) |
| July 21, 2008 - Scientific American/Minkel: Bubble Fusion Researcher Charged with Misconduct |
| July 19, 2008 - Los Angeles Times/Maugh: Purdue Physicist Found Guilty of Misconduct |
| July 18, 2008 - Science/Service: The Bubble Bursts |
July 18, 2008 - Purdue News Service: Purdue Committee Completes Research Misconduct Investigation
- Publicly releases April 18, 2008 C-22 Report
- Issues a press release stating that Taleyarkhan was found guilty on two charges of research misconduct.
- States that 30-day appeal process begins
Related Quotes:
- May 14, 2007- Bennett: "He retains the right to authorize full disclosure of the [2006] inquiry committee’s report. It is not within Purdue’s authority to release the full report as you propose."
- March 9, 2007 - Mason: "... our own policies and federal guidelines on the investigation of cases related to integrity require a high degree of confidentiality..."
- March 9, 2007 - Mason: "Although this stance has led to negative coverage for the University, we have been — and remain — committed to paying that price if necessary in order to remain true to our policies and our ideals."
|
July 17, 2008 - ONR/Adams: Notifies Purdue/Dunn that ONR accepts Purdue's C-22 report - ONR/Adams issues concurrence with Purdue. (30-day appeal period begins)
|
| July 16, 2008 - ONR Science and Technology Review Board Reviews Purdue's Investigation |
| April 23, 2008 - Exponent/Mahasneh: Professor Files Defamation Lawsuit |
| April 18, 2008 - Purdue: Reference List to C-22 Investigation Committee Final Report - (Extracted from report) |
| April 18, 2008 - Purdue: C-22 Investigation Committee Final Report. Identifies two instances of allegations of
scientific research misconduct. |
| April 17, 2008 - Journal and Courier/Wallheimer: Defamation Lawsuit Filed by Purdue Researcher |
| April 12, 2008 - Taleyarkhan: Provides Purdue/Rutledge Waiver of Confidentiality for Review Concluded in 2007 |
| April 7, 2008 - Selander: Response to Kealey Regarding C-22 Draft Report |
| March 30, 2008 - Robert Block: Confirmation of Group Decision to Claim Independent Replication |
| March 30, 2008 - Colin West: Confirmation of Group Decision to Claim Independent Replication |
| March 30, 2008 - Richard Lahey: Confirmation of Group Decision to Claim Independent Replication |
March 29, 2008 - Teleyarkhan: Meeting with Leah Jamieson and Joe Bennett
(Taleyarkhan provides preliminary response and strong objections to draft C-22 report.)
|
| March 24, 2008 - Purdue/Kealey: Phone Message Referring to Threats of Punishment from Purdue |
| March 24, 2008 - Purdue/Kealey: E-mail Referring to Threats of Punishment from Purdue |
| March 23, 2008 - Purdue/Jischke: Reccomends Taleyarkhan Waive Right to Confidentiality for Review Concluded in 2007 |
| March 19, 2008 - Taleyarkhan: Excerpts from Attorney-Client Response to Draft 2008 C-22 Report by Purdue |
March 19, 2008 - Taleyarkhan: Attorney-Client Response to Draft 2008 C-22 Report by Purdue - (Not public)
Key quotes:
- Taleyarkhan: "The 3/17/08 Inv.C draft report reads like a hate-mongering letter targeted at one person, RT alone...Who is the true author of these hate-filled malicious reports that are unsigned by the various committee members as a team?
- Taleyarkhan: "Today, I strived to put bullet point responses but upon reading through the material again, I got an overwhelming sense of revulsion at Purdue’s actions in this process..."
|
March 17, 2008 - Taleyarkhan: Given Draft 2008 C-22 Report by Purdue
(See also Sept. 12, 2008 - Taleyarkhan) |
March 7, 2008 - Taleyarkhan: Files Civil Complaint Against Tsoukalas, Jevremovic, DOES 1-50
(First filing of the lawsuit) |
| Feb. 25, 2008 - Bilimoria: Transmittal of Affidavits - (Student Names Redacted) |
| Feb. 20, 2008 - Selander: Position Statement and Summary of New Evidence Submitted (Additional Summation) |
| Feb. 20, 2008 - Selander: Position Statement and Summary of New Evidence Submitted |
| Feb. ?, 2008 - Student2: Affidavit |
| Feb. 20, 2008 - Student1: Affidavit |
| Feb. 7, 2008 - Bilimoria: Transmittal of Affidavits (Nigmatulin, Mize, Timmerman, Jenkins, Mize marked up by Kealey) |
| Feb. 3, 2008 - Jere Jenkins: Affidavit |
| Feb. 2, 2008 - Erica Timmerman: Affidavit |
| Feb. 2, 2008 - Darla Mize: Affidavit |
| Feb. 1, 2008 - Tsoukalas meets with C-22 Investigation Committee (F11-156) |
| Feb. 1-3, 2008 - C-22 Investigation Committee Hearings - (Transcript not public) |
| Jan. 31, 2008 - Yiban Xu: Affidavit |
| Jan. 31, 2008: Bilimoria: Transmittal of Affidavits (Revankar, Lahey, West, Forringer, Lohnert, Block, Nigmatulin, Bugg) |
| Jan. ?, 2008 - Shripad Revankar: Affidavit |
| Jan. 26, 2008 - JaeSeon Cho: Affidavit |
| 2008 |
| Nov. 1, 2007 - Purdue/Lechtenberg: Charge Letter, Investigation Committee Formed |
| Oct. 5, 2007 - Exponent/Thomas: Tension Mounts Between Faculty Members Regarding Controversy |
| Oct. 2007 - NASA/Wrbanek:Fralick, Wrbanek: Development of Techniques to Investigate
Sonoluminescence as a Source of
Energy Harvesting - TM-2007-214982 |
| Sept. ?, 2007 - Taleyarkhan: Submits Rebuttal Response to Purdue Inquiry Committee Report - (Not public) |
| Sept. 13, 2007 - ONR/Adams: Letter to Purdue Accepting Inquiry Committee Conclusions |
| Sept. 12, 2007 - Author Unknown: Letter to Jamieson Referencing Draft Report with Taleyarkhan and Students Named as Co-authors - (Source: Miller Report, pg. 8, ref. 25) |
| Sept. 10, 2007 - Taleyarkhan: Response to New Energy Times: Special Report on Bubble Fusion/Sonofusion |
| Sept. 10, 2007 - Purdue:
Panel Determines Research Allegations Merit Additional Investigation |
| Sept. 7, 2007 - Dean Jamieson "exonerates" Tsoukalas from C-22 complaint filed by Revankar (See entry: "Summer" 2007) |
| Sept. 1, 2007 - Purdue begins Taleyarkhan investigation [092] |
| Aug.27, 2007 - Purdue Inquiry Committee: Report to ONR - Appendix B - Retyped |
| Aug.27, 2007 - Purdue Inquiry Committee: Report to ONR - Appendix B - Original |
| Aug. 27, 2007 - Taleyarkhan: Comparison of Allegations Approved to Forward to Investigation Committee |
| Aug. 27, 2007 - Taleyarkhan: List of Allegations Approved to Forward to Investigation Committee |
| Aug. 27, 2007 - Suslick: Allegation in Aug. 27, 2007 Report |
| Aug 26, 2007 - Taleyarkhan: Student Affidavits Transmittal to Selander/Bilimoria |
| Aug. 26, 2007 - Student 3: Affidavit |
| Aug. 26, 2007 - Student 2: Affidavit |
| Aug. 25, 2007 - Student 7: Affidavit |
| Aug. 25, 2007 - Student 8: Affidavit (Yiban Xu) |
| Aug. 25, 2007 - Student 6: Affidavit |
| Aug. 24, 2007 - Student 5: Affidavit |
| Aug. 24, 2007 - Student 4: Affidavit |
| Aug. 24, 2007 - Student 1: Affidavit |
| Aug. 17, 2007 - Exponent/Thomas: Córdova reviews misconduct standards amid debate |
| Aug. 7, 2007 - Purdue/Jenkins: Nill Illigitimi Carborundum |
| July 10, 2007 - New Energy Times/Krivit: Special Report on Bubble Fusion/Sonofusion |
| July 7, 2007 - Venere: Submission Package to the 2007 Inquiry Committee |
"Summer" 2007 - Revankar files C-22 complaint against Tsoukalas. (F11-092)
(See Sept. 7, 2007) |
May 29, 2007 - Taleyarkhan/Lahey: Drawings Provided to UCLA
(See also May 21, 2007, June 2006, July 26, 2006) |
| May 25, 2007 - Purdue/Jamieson: Response to J&C "Strife Dogs Purdue in Research Allegations" |
| May 25, 2007 - Lahey: A Collaboration Doomed to Failure |
| May 25, 2007 - ONR/Adams: Response to Purdue (Dunn) Questions Regarding Allegations |
| May 24, 2007 - DARPA/Walker: Regarding Alleged Nonapproved Funds Use by UCLA |
| May 22, 2007 - Taleyarkhan: Technical Details Regarding SSNTD |
| May 22, 2007 - Journal & Courier/Wallheimer: Failure to Reproduce Fuels Fraud Claims |
| May 22, 2007 - Journal & Courier/Wallheimer: Strife Dogs Purdue in Research Allegations |
| May 21, 2007 - Taleyarkhan: Instructions Given to UCLA, Details on UCLA Video - (See also Miller report, pg. 9, Ref. 28, - See also June 2006, July 26, 2006, May 29, 2007) (Search "blueprints" and "sketches") |
| May 20, 2007 - Purdue/Bennett: Declines RFC from Krivit Regarding Butt Authorship Discrepancy |
| May 16, 2007 - Taleyarkhan: Response to Nature/Reich "Where Did The Money Go?" |
| May 14-19, 2007 - Forringer and Students Perform Replication in Taleyarkhan Lab |
| May 19, 2007 - Journal & Courier/Wallheimer: Letter That Cleared Embattled Researcher Surfaces |
| May 19, 2007 - Exponent/Warner: Bubble fusion criticism continues despite replication |
| May 17, 2007 - Taleyarkhan: Clarifications on Invention of Variable Velocity Bullets |
| May 16, 2007 - Taleyarkhan: Letter to Krivit: Documents Regarding Congress |
| May 15, 2007 - Nature/Reich: Third Inquiry Into Bubble Fusion Is Under Way |
| May 15, 2007 - Taleyarkhan: His Side of the Story on the Adam Butt Statement |
| May 15, 2007 - Taleyarkhan: Transcript of Interview |
May 14, 2007 - Purdue/(Jischke: Regarding NYT publication of Butt statement, declines to provide 2006 report, states Taleyarkan agreed to partial waiver of 2006 report
Key Quote: - Bennett: "He retains the right to authorize full disclosure of the inquiry committee’s report. It is not within Purdue’s authority to release the full report as you propose."
|
| May 12, 2007 - Lahey: Communication to Eugenie Samuel Nature/Reich |
| May 12, 2007 - Taleyarkhan: Transmittal of 2006 C-22 Inquiry Committee Documents to Rutledge |
May 12, 2007 - Stella: Letter to New Energy Times
Key Quote: "But would someone contemplating scientific fraud really choose a field where even the smallest new claim is immediately subject to widespread hostile scrutiny? ...
None of it hangs together, but the strain poor Professor Taleyarkhan must be under would destroy many a less a man. One cannot help but think of Galileo when he was confronted with the instruments of torture. |
| May 11, 2007 - New York Times/Chang: Publicly Releases "Statement from Adam Butt" -
(See Feb. 23, 2006)
(Chang has declined to identify his source for the "Statement from Adam Butt") |
| May 11, 2007 - New York Times/Chang: Purdue Will Reinvestigate Its Professor Who Claimed Desktop Fusion
(Congress gives exclusive to New York Times) |
| May 11, 2007 - Congressman Miller: Press Release, Releases Report, Requests New Results |
May 11, 2007 - Journal and Courier/Wallheimer:
"Taleyarkhan Decries 'Smear Campaign'"
Key Quotes: "’It's a very sad and regrettable time when a scientist has to stand up against another scientist,’ Suslick said. ‘If Taleyarkhan wants to dispel all of this, he can do so very quickly. He can bring a bunch of people into his laboratory and reproduce his experiment right in front of their eyes.’ Suslick is giving Purdue documentation that he says proves Taleyarkhan was involved in research misconduct."
(See also March 1, 2006, - DARPA Review Meeting at Purdue)
(See also April 2, 2007 - Chronicle of Higher Education)
(See also Jan. 10, 2006 - Nature)
|
May 10, 2007 - New York Times/Chang: Request for Comment with Taleyarkhan
(Chang omits to inform Taleyarkhan about Butt Statement that he publishes the next day.) |
| May 10, 2007 - Taleyarkhan: Comment to Science/Service |
| May 10, 2007 - Taleyarkhan: Comment to New York Times/Chang |
| May 10, 2007 - Purdue News Service: Purdue Initiates Another Investigation |
| May 9, 2007 - Congress/Miller: Cover Letter to Purdue |
| May 7, 2007 - Congress/Miller: Subcommittee Completes Investigation, Writes Report |
April 30 - June 7, 2007 - Taleyarkhan: Information Regarding Tsoukalas Tritium Data
(See also May 14, 2004 and May x, 2004) |
| April 25, 2007 - Purdue Exponent/Editorial: Academic Squabble Hides Breakthrough |
| April 12, 2007 - Taleyarkhan: Response to Congressman Miller (Attachments) |
| April 12, 2007 - Taleyarkhan: Response to Congressman Miller |
| April 12, 2007 - Purdue/Jisckhe: Letter to Congress/Miller - (Not public) (Source: Miller report, pg. 2, ref. 4) |
| April 10, 2007 - Taleyarkhan: Interview with Purdue Exponent |
| April 7, 2007 - Selander to Kealey: Response to 3/17/08 C-22 Investigation Committee Draft Report |
| April 6, 2007 - Journal and Courier/Wallheimer: Purdue Gives Research to Congress |
| April 6, 2007 - Putterman/Suslick: Final Report of UCLA/UIUC/Purdue/DARPA/ONR Project to Reproduce Nuclear Fusion in Collapsing Bubbles Surrounded by D-Acetone |
| April 4, 2007 - ONR: Transmission of Supporting Material to Purdue (Not public) |
April 2, 2007 - Chronicle of Higher Education/Vance: The Bursting of Bubble Fusion
Key Quotes:
-
Putterman: "If a scientist feels they've made a great discovery, it's their obligation and joy to convene other scientists from other schools to come to their lab to observe it. As soon as that doesn't happen, that scientist has to be prepared for the backlash of the scientific community."
-(See also March 1, 2006, - DARPA Review Meeting at Purdue)
-(See also May 11, 2007 - Journal and Courier)
-(See also Jan. 10, 2006 - Nature)
-Tsoukalas: "We thought maybe it was just sloppy work. He got carried away; you know, sometimes people talk themselves into something...I cannot tell you how much time I spent trying to accommodate and make Rusi succeed. But I wouldn't go as far as covering up fraud."
-Vance: "Putterman quickly became the loudest in the anti-bubble-fusion camp and was awarded a Department of Defense contract to try to repeat the experiment...At first, Mr. Putterman and his colleagues simply said Mr. Taleyarkhan's work in detecting fusion was sloppy. But as time went on, the accusations escalated. |
| March 29, 2007 - ONR/Adams directs Purdue to initiate investigation. Sends ONR Allegations to Purdue/Rutledge - (Not public) (See May 25, 2007) |
| March 22, 2007 - Congress/Miller: Initiates Investigation |
| March 21, 2007 - Congress/Miller: Initiates Investigation, Letter to Purdue |
| March 17, 2007 - Purdue C-22 Investigation Committee Draft Report (Not public) |
| March 14, 2007 - Purdue: Letter to the Editor of New Energy Times |
| March 9, 2007 - Purdue/Mason: Letters to Media |
| March 9, 2007 - Purdue: Letter to the Editor of The New York Times - (Never published) |
| March 9, 2007 - Purdue: Letter to the Editor of Nature - (Never published) |
| Feb. 15, 2007 - Purdue [Choi/Ishii/Clikeman/Ott/Hibiki/Tsoukalas]: Protest letter to Purdue/Mason objecting to the manner in which the previous inquiry was conducted and its conclusions. (Not public) (Source: Miller report pg. 10, Ref. 31) |
Feb. 13, 2007 - Nature/Reich: "Disputed Inquiry Clears Bubble-Fusion Engineer"
Key Quotes:
- "...researchers in the field have criticized the university for failing to say whether the inquiry considered their concerns that the work may be fraudulent."
- "Purdue announced on 7 February that 'the committee determined that the evidence does not support the allegations of research misconduct and that no further investigation of the allegations is warranted.'"
- Suslick: "They apparently narrowly focused the charge and avoided the question of whether the research was doctored."
[Note, this is the same quote as appeared in NYT]
- "Suslick is one of several researchers worried that Taleyarkhan's work may be fraudulent, and he wrote to Purdue about his concerns in June 2006. These include the apparent duplication of data between reports of supposedly independent experiments4 (first raised by Nature), and a report5 that the spectrum of neutrons that Taleyarkhan claims to have detected from bubble fusion exactly matches that of a standard radioactive source called californium.
[Note: This is based on an aspersion, not an empirical observation.] Taleyarkhan has since replied that when he measures neutrons emitted by
californium in his lab, he finds something quite unlike what he sees
from his fusion experiments.6 [Note: Taleyarkhan did not merely "reply." He published a journal paper that debunked the Cf accusation.] But a recent preprint points out that Taleyarkhan omitted some of the original spectral data in his reply, and that the full data set still looks like californium.7" [Note: the preprint to which Reich infers was rejected and never published.]
- "Lefteri Tsoukalas, who asked Purdue to investigate Taleyarkhan in February 2006, has called the announcement 'an outrage'"
- "Seth Putterman of the University of California, Los Angeles, who has also been trying to replicate bubble fusion, thinks that Taleyarkhan's work is invalid. 'Purdue's defence of Taleyarkhan's approach to scientific research taints their reputation,' he says. 'If Purdue were interested in maintaining their credibility they should have appointed external members to their panel.'"
-"Suslick, Putterman and others reported their attempt to replicate Taleyarkhan's claims in an experiment built to his specifications.8 They did not find any evidence that fusion was occurring."
|
Feb. 13, 2007 - New York Times/Chang: "Researcher Cleared of Misconduct, but Case Is Still Murky"
Key Quotes:
- "Last June, Dr. Suslick sent an e-mail message to Peter E. Dunn, Purdue’s associate vice president for research, saying he believed that Dr. Taleyarkhan’s work might be fraudulent. Dr. Suslick made his accusations based on what he saw during a visit to Dr. Taleyarkhan’s laboratory in March last year as part of a review of a Defense Department grant that Dr. Taleyarkhan was receiving for fusion research." [Note: Of a dozen eye-witnesses at the March 1, 2006 DARPA meeting, Suslick is the only person to allegedly see evidence of fraud.]
- Suslick: “The Purdue administration apparently narrowly focused the committee’s charge and avoided the question of whether the research was doctored.” [Note: Same quote as Nature]
- "Tsoukalas, who was the head of the school at the time and hired Dr. Taleyarkhan, raised concerns about some of Dr. Taleyarkhan’s behavior."
- "In Physical Review Letters, Dr. Suslick and Seth J. Putterman, a professor of physics at the University of California, Los Angeles, and another persistent critic of Dr. Taleyarkhan, said they had precisely repeated the 2002 experiment. They reported that they found none of the neutrons that would be the telltale sign of fusion."
|
| Feb. 9, 2007 - Chicago Tribune/Manier: Tabletop Fusion Claims Ignite a Furor at Purdue |
Feb. 7, 2007 - Camara, C.G., Hopkins, S.D., Suslick, K.S. and Putterman, S.J., "Upper Bound for Neutron Emission from Sonoluminescing Bubbles in Deuterated Acetone," Physical Review Letters, Vol. 98, p. 064301
|
| Feb. 7, 2007 - Science/Service: Second Inquiry Exonerates Taleyarkhan |
| Feb. 7, 2007 - Purdue News Service: Purdue Integrity Panel Completes Research Inquiry -
(Taleyarkhan exonerated)
(See also: Dec. 7 - Nature/Reich) |
Feb. 1, 2007 - UCLA/Naranjo: Submits Comment on Taleyarkhan’s reply to Physical Review Letters -
(Journal rejects)
(See also: March 7, 2006 - Web posting, Oct. 6 - Naranjo, B., Oct. 6 - Taleyarkhan et al, Feb. 1, 2007 - UCLA/Naranjo)
|
| Jan. 29, 2007 - Tsoukalas files "hotline" complaint against Taleyarkhan with ONR IG (Source: Letters from AIO/Moore to Taleyarkhan and NAVINSGEN) |
| Jan. 3, 2007 - Department of Energy: Taleyarkhan Does Not Need to Acknowledge Funds |
| 2007 |
| Dec. 20, 2006 - Selander: Corrections to Dec. 15, 2006 Purdue Report, Michael Murray Letter |
| Dec. 19, 2006 - DARPA/Walker: Responds to Krivit's questions about March 1, 2006 meeting at Purdue |
Dec. 15, 2006 - Purdue: Final Report of 2006 C-22 Inquiry Commitee
(Exonerates Taleyarkhan)
(See also: Dec. 7 - Nature/Reich) |
Dec. 7, 2006 - Nature/Reich: Purdue Attacked Over Fusion Inquiry
(See also Oct. 6, 2006, Taleyarkhan et al: Refutation of Naranjo's Cf-252 Accusation)
- Tsoukalas: “Purdue is a
great public university, not a private club”
- Suslick: "At some point they have to say that they have had an investigation and that they either exonerated him or didn't"
|
| Dec. 8, 2006 - Selander: Response to Purdue/Dunn on C-22 Inquiry |
| Dec. 7, 2006 - Taleyarkhan: Response to Purdue/Dunn on C-22 Inquiry |
| Dec. 4, 2006 - Taleyarkhan: Response to Nature/Reich |
| Dec. 3, 2006 - Nature/Reich: Fraud Allegations |
| ~Dec. 1, 2006 - Tsoukalas's Lawyer: Open Letter to Mason (Not public) (Source: Dec. 7, 2006 - Nature/Reich) |
| Nov. 30, 2006 - Purdue/Dunn: Letter to Taleyarkhan Regarding C-22 Inquiry (Not public) |
| Nov. 17, 2006 - Forringer, Edward R., Robbins, David, Martin, David, "Confirmation of Neutron Production During Self-Nucleated Acoustic Cavitation," Transactions of the American Nuclear Society International Conference, Vol. 95, P736, Albuquerque, NM
|
| Nov. 6, 2006 - Taleyarkhan writes to Bralts about graduate student treatment by Choi. |
| Nov. 3, 2006 - Taleyarkhan asks questions about SNE use of funds |
| Oct. 27, 2006 - Xu: Testimonial Regarding Independence of PRL Paper |
| Oct. 16, 2006 - Tsoukalas Forced to Resign as Head of Purdue School of Nuclear Engineering (Source: Miller report, page 2, ref. 4) |
Oct. 6, 2006 - Taleyarkhan, R.P., Block, R.C., Lahey, Jr., R.T., Nigmatulin, R.I., and Xu, Y., Reply to [Naranjo] 'Comment on 'Nuclear Emissions During Self-Nucleated Acoustic Cavitation,"Physical Review Letters, Vol. 97, p. 149404
(See also: March 7, 2006 - Web posting, See also Oct. 6 - Naranjo, B., See also Feb. 1, 2007 - UCLA/Naranjo)
|
| Oct. 6, 2006 - Naranjo, B., "Comment on 'Nuclear Emissions During Self-Nucleated Acoustic Cavitation,'” Physical Review Letters, Vol. 97, p. 149403 - (See also:
March 7, 2006 - Web posting, See also Oct. 6 - Taleyarkhan, See also Feb. 1, 2007 - UCLA/Naranjo)
|
| Oct. 5, 2006 - Taleyarkhan: Details Regarding Tessien's Audit, Refutation of UCLA Accusation, DARPA Review |
| Oct. 6, 2006 - Taleyarkhan, R.P., Block, R.C., Lahey, Jr., R.T., Nigmatulin, R.I., and Xu, Y., "Reply to [Lipson] 'Comment on "Nuclear Emissions During Self-Nucleated Acoustic Cavitation,’” Physical Review Letters, Vol. 97, p. 149402 |
| Oct. 6, 2006 - Lipson, A., "Comment on "Nuclear Emissions During Self-Nucleated Acoustic Cavitation," Physical Review Letters, Vol. 97, p. 149401 |
| Au. 8, 2006 - Taleyarkhan: Regarding DARPA Review, Reich Inquiry, Tessien Audit, UCLA/Putterman's use of DARPA Funds |
| Sept. 22, 2006 - Purdue/Dunn: Forms and Tasks C-22 Inquiry Committee -
(Source: Dec. 8, 2006, letter from Selander to Dunn ) |
| Sept. 21, 2006 - UCLA: Submits Manuscript of Null Result from DARPA Replication Attempt of External Neutron Source Experiment - (Publishes Feb. 9, 2007) |
| Sept. 12, 2006 - Purdue/Bertadano: Letter to Purdue/Dunn, Accuses Taleyarkhan of Misconduct -
(Source: Dec. 8, 2006, letter from Selander to Dunn ) |
| Sept. 5, 2006 - Purdue/Tsoukalas: Letter to Purdue/Dunn, Accuses Taleyarkhan of Misconduct
(Source: Dec. 8, 2006, letter from Selander to Dunn ) |
Sept. 5, 2006 - Purdue/Rutledge: Letter to Bertadano
Key quote: "Therefore if your intent is to advance an allegation of research misconduct relating to sonofusion work at Purdue, I request that you reduce your allegation to a fully detailed written statement to Dean Jamieson and copied to me no later than Sept. 10, 2006...If you decide not to submit a written allegation, please inform Dr. Dunn of this decision by the date indicated." |
Sept. 5, 2006 - Rutledge: Letter to Tsoukalas
Key quote: "Therefore if your intent is to advance an allegation of research misconduct relating to sonofusion work at Purdue, I request that you reduce your allegation to a fully detailed written statement to Dean Jamieson and copied to me no later than Sept. 10, 2006...If you decide not to submit a written allegation, please inform Dr. Dunn of this decision by the date indicated." |
| Sept. 10, 2006 - New Energy Times/Krivit: Bubble Fusion Discoverer Taleyarkhan Strikes Back |
| Sept. 9, 2006 - Taleyarkhan: Regarding Physical Review Letters Acceptance of Naranjo and Taleyarkhan Papers |
| Aug. 15, 2006 - Choi tries to get Jamieson to de-list bubble fusion from SNE Web site. |
Aug. 2006 - Tsoukalas, Lefteri, Clikeman, Franklin, Bertadano, Martin, Jevremovic, Tatjana, Walter, Joshua, Bougaev, Anton and Merritt, Edward, "Tritium Measurements in Neutron-Induced Cavitation of Deuterated Acetone," Nuclear Technology, Vol. 155, p. 248-251 (Aug. 2006) [Received Feb. 28, 2006, Accepted April 11, 2006]
(See also: Feb. 28, 2006 - Tsoukalas , See also May 2004 - Tsoukalas, See also May 14, 2004 - Tsoukalas) |
| Aug. 2, 2006 - Information about joint award between Purdue and Penn State University |
| Aug. 1 - Taleyarkhan: Audio Interview with Krivit, "Other Exhibits" |
| Aug. 1, 2006 - Taleyarkhan: Audio Interview with Krivit, "Tsoukalas Taking Credit for NED Work" |
| Aug. 1, 2006 - Taleyarkhan: Audio Interview with Krivit, "Explains Tsoukalas' Approval for Moving Equipment" |
| Aug. 1, 2006 - Taleyarkhan: Audio Interview with Krivit, "Four Public Demonstrations" |
| Aug. 1, 2006 - Taleyarkhan: Audio Interview with Krivit, "Explains Tsoukalas Positive Tritium Data" - (See also May 14, 2004 Tsoukalas) |
| Aug. 1, 2006 -Taleyarkhan: Partial Interview Transcript Aug. 1, 2006 |
| Aug. 1, 2006 - Taleyarkhan: Audio Interview with Krivit, "DARPA Review and Accusations" |
| July 31, 2006 - Purdue/Jamieson: Letter to Inquiry Committee Members - (Source: Miller report, pg. 6, ref. 21) |
| July - 27, 2006 - Taleyarhkan, Lahey: Explanation of Liquid Scintillator Detector Results |
July 26, 2006 - Taleyarhkan: Explanation of UCLA Video
Key Quotes:
Leitz: - " Does that mean that UCLA is close to achieving the right conditions?"
Taleyarkhan: "Quite the contrary. Getting comet-like structures is easy and one of the first things one sees. One not only needs to get out of this mode but also to get the SL time evolution history as shown in our PRE (2004) paper."
Taleyarkhan: "This week I've conveyed to DARPA's manager that the UCLA group can not be helped. To have one of the world's leading scientific magazines like Nature draw conclusions relying on expertise from the the UCLA group is to us a travesty of science. Having proven themselves incapable technically, they then resorted to allegations based on contrived modeling and simulations of imagined experiment geometries."
- (See also May 21, 2007, June 2006, May 29, 2007) |
| July 20, 2006 - Nature/Reich: Grow Concerns |
| July 11, 2006, 3:30 p.m. - 4:00 p.m. - Purdue/Jamieson: Calls and holds meeting with Revankar. Jamieson provides Revankar with allegations of research misconduct relating to sonofusion research at Purdue University. |
| July 11, 2006 - Purdue/Jamieson: Memorandum to Inquiry Committee Members, "Inquiry Committee Charge - Sonofusion Research - C-22 Proceeding" - (Source: Miller report, pg. 7, ref. 22) (See also Sept. 5, 2006 - Tsoukalas Makes Allegations, See also Sept. 12, 2006 - Bertadano Makes Allegations) |
| July 9, 2006 - Purdue/Mason: E-Mail to Tsoukalas as Published in NYT on Feb. 13, 2007 |
| July 4, 2006 - Nature/Marchant: Confirmation of Assignment to Reich |
| July 3, 2006 - Taleyarkhan: Distinction Beteween SBSL and MBSL |
| July 3, 2006 - Taleyarkhan: Letter to Coblenz Regarding Sonofusion Review - (See also March 6, 2006) |
| July 2, 2006 - Tsoukalas: Letter to Mason a Published in The New York Times Feb. 12, 2007 |
June, 2006 - UCLA: Video Shows Malformed Bubbles; Failure to Achieve Required Conditions (Alt. copy)
- (See also May 21, 2007, July 26, 2006, May 29, 2007) |
| June 30, 2006 - Nature/Reich: Nature/Reich: Request for Comment for July 20 Article |
| June 30, 2006 - Lahey, R.T. Jr., Taleyarkhan, R.P., Nigmatulin, R.I., Akhatov, I.S., “Sonoluminescence and the Search for Sonofusion,” in Advances in Heat Transfer, Vol. 39, Academic Press, ISSN 0065-2717
DOI: 10.1016/S0065-2717(06)39001-6 - (181 pages) |
June 30, 2006 - IEEE Spectrum/UCLA-Brian Naranjo & Seth Putterman: For the Record
Key Quotes -
- Putterman: "The fact is that the Pyrex acoustic resonator currently in use at UCLA was built according to blueprints provided by Taleyarkhan's group...It is regrettable that no attempt was made to contact us while reporting this article."
Related Quotes from New Energy Times Special Report:
- Lahey: "I offered to send him the design drawings of
the one we built at RPI, but he never responded to my offer."
- Lahey: "...each one of these test sections is
hand-crafted. There isn't anything like machine drawings made of them...The only thing that I've ever seen as far as drawings is a sketch that Rusi
made of the conceptual design."
(See also May 21, 2007, May 29, 2007, June 2006, July 26, 2006) |
| June 20, 2006 - Purdue News Service: Rutledge Committee Completes Examination -
(Exonerates Taleyarkhan) |
| June 9, 2006 - Bugg: Experiment Report to Taleyarkhan |
| June 6-7, 2006 - Bugg Group: Performs Successful Replication at Purdue |
| June 5, 2006 - Purdue/Examination Committee: Report from Committee to Rutledge - (Source: Miller report, pg. 6, ref. 17) |
| June 1, 2006 - Suslick: E-mail to Dunn - (Source: Miller report, pg. 6, ref. 18) |
| May 30, 2006 - Purdue/Jamieson: Begins formal review of Lefteri Tsoukalas as Head of the School of Nuclear Engineering |
| May 18, 2006 - Lahey: Sonofusion, Fact or Fiction? |
| May 14, 2006 - Forringer Group: Performs Successful Replication at Purdue |
| May 10, 2006 - Nature/Reich: Bubble-fusion group suffer setback |
| May 9, 2006 - Purdue/Mason: Response to Tsoukalas |
| May 6, 2006 - IEEE Spectrum/Guizzo: Bubble Fusion Research Under Scrutiny Lahey quoted by Guizzo:
"Putterman was using a design 'that was doomed to failure' and that he told him so when visiting his laboratory at UCLA last year." |
| May 2, 2006 - Taleyarkhan Group: Publish Erratum to Jan. 27 Physical Review Letters Paper |
| April 22, 2006 - Suslick: Letter to Dunn (Ref: Miller report, pg. 6, ref. 19) |
| April 17, 2006 - Purdu/Dunn: Professional CV , NCURA CV , Conflict of Interest Officer |
| April 17, 2006 - Purdue/Dunn: Memorandum entitled "Examination Committee" (Source: Miller report, pg. 6, ref. 16) |
April 11, 2006 - Putterman: Energy Concentrating Phenomena:
from Sonoluminescence to Crystal Fusion
Key Quote: "Whether cavitating systems
will reach energy densities that initiate
thermonuclear fusion is an open question that
is in the news." |
| April 11, 2006 - Tsoukalas Group: Disconfirming Paper to Nuclear Technology Accepted |
| March 10, 2006 - Purdue/Norberg: Initiates Examination Committee |
March 9, 2006 - Purdue/Norberg: Response to Krivit Questions Regarding Nature and New York Times Articles
Key Quotes:
-
Krivit: "Are the energies or particle types from californium similar or different from the particles given off by your experiment?"
- Krivit: " Was Naranjo's analysis based on his own experiment or a computer simulation?" |
| March 9, 2006, 1 a.m. PDT - Los Angeles Times/Maugh: College Reviews Physicist's Tabletop Fusion Claims |
| March 9, 2006, 1 a.m. PDT - New York Times: Scientist Says He Stands by Fusion Data |
| March 9, 2006, 1 AM PDT - Washington Post: Tabletop Fusion Research Under Review |
| March 8, 2006 - Purdue News Service:
Purdue Initiates Objective Review Of 'Bubble' Fusion |
| March 8, 2006 - Taleyarkhan: Placing Faith in the Integrity of Peter Dunn and Sally Mason |
| March 8, 2006, 2 PM PDT - AP: Purdue probes 'tabletop fusion' study |
| March 8, 2006, 11 AM PDT - UPI: Purdue investigates professor's research (Reprints N.Y. Times' story) |
| March 8, 2006, 9 AM PDT- CNN: Purdue probes 'cold fusion' fraud claim (Reprints Reuter's story) |
March 8, 2006, 7 AM PDT - Reuters: University Checks "Bubble Fusion" Fraud Claim
(First use of "fraud"in the media on this event) |
| March 8, 2006, ~6 AM PDT - Nature/Reich: Bubble Bursts for Table-top Fusion |
| March 8, 2006, ~6 AM PDT - Nature/Reich: Is bubble fusion simply hot air? |
| March 8, 2006, ~6 AM PDT - Nature/Reich: Bubble Fusion: Silencing the Hype |
| March 8, 2006, ~6 AM PDT - Nature/Reich: A Sound Investment? |
| March 8, 2006, 3:00 AM PTD - Krivit-Chang Thread |
March 8, 2006, ~12:30 AM PDT - New York Times: University to Investigate Fusion Study
Related Quote: Norberg - "Because the embargo for the Nature story was 8 a.m. Wednesday, the NYT reporter couldn't refer to it in his article for that morning's edition. So he turned the Purdue statement into the story, which then ran without the context of the fact that it was a response, not an announcement. While Purdue chose to use the word 'review' in its statement, the reporter and headline writer chose the word 'investigate.'
"Consequently the story, which appeared without context, looked as though Purdue had announced it was investigating the the researcher. That was not the case. Unfortunately, many media then carried that story." |
| March 7, 2006 - Naranjo, B., "Comment on 'Nuclear Emissions During Self-Nucleated Acoustic Cavitation',” Uploaded to Web Site: arXiv:physics/0603055 v1 |
| March 6, 2006 - DARPA/Coblenz: Feedback on Sonofusion Review |
| March 3, 2006 - Science/Kennedy: Editorial - The Mailbag |
| March 2, 2006 - Tessien: Witnesses Successful Bubble Fusion Experiment on Demand |
| ~March 1, 2006 - Purdue/Mason: Begins "Review of the Research and the Accusations" - (Source: NYT, March 8) |
| March 1, 2006 - DARPA/Coblenz: Suggests that Successful Taleyarkan Apparatus be Shipped to UCLA for Independent Verification; Taleyarkhan declines (Source: Science,
March 17, 2006) |
| March 1, 2006 - 4:00 p.m Nature/Reich: Contacts Taleyarkhan Regarding Cf-252 Spiking Insinuation |
| March 1, 2006 - 2:00 p.m. - UCLA/Putterman: Insinuates Taleyarkhan Fraud via Cf-252 Spiking |
| March 1, 2006 - DARPA Review Meeting at Purdue |
| Feb. 28, 2006 - Tsoukalas: Changes Tritium Confirmation to Disconfirmation, Submits Paper to Nuclear Technology (Publishes Aug. 2006) |
| Feb. 24, 2006 - Purdue/Tsoukalas: Advises Dunn and Katehi about Reich/Nature and the Tsoukalas-Choi Committee |
| Feb. 23, 2006 - Purdue/Tsoukalas-Choi: Fact-Finding Committee Formation and Final Report |
| Feb. 23, 2006 - Purdue/Tsoukalas-Choi Committee: Delivers Report to Tsoukalas |
| Feb. 23, 2006 - Purdue/Tsoukalas-Choi Committee: Obtains statement from Adam Butt |
| Feb. 22 , 2006- Purdue/Tsoukalas-Choi Committee Meeting(no minutes kept) |
| Feb. 22, 2006 - Nature accepts Reich's story - (Source: Reich) |
| Feb. 21, 2006 -
Nature/Reich: Informs Taleyarkhan that "the article will likely be published in Nature” - (Source: Reich) |
| Feb. 20, 2006 - Nature/Reich: Initiates first contact with Taleyarkhan regarding
forthcoming article (Source: Taleyarkhan) |
| Feb. 20, 2006 - Purdue/Tsoukalas-Choi Committee: Meeting with Adam Butt and Yiban Xu (No minutes kept) |
| Feb. 17, 2006 - Purdue/Tsoukalas-Choi Committee: Meeting with Adam Butt (No minutes kept) |
| Feb. 15, 2006 - Purdue/Tsoukalas-Choi Committee Meeting of (No minutes kept) |
| Feb. 9, 2006 - Purdue/Tsoukalas-Choi Committee Meeting (No minutes kept) |
| Feb. 7, 2006 - Purdue/Tsoukalas: Establishes Fact-Finding Committee |
| Feb. 3, 2006 - Nature/Reich: Contacts Tsoukalas regarding his responsibility with Butt/Xu replication. |
| Jan. 27, 2006 - Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute:New Sonofusion Experiment Produces Results Without External Neutron Source |
| Jan. 27, 2006 - Taleyarkhan, R.P., West, C.D., Lahey, Jr. R.T., Nigmatulin, R.I., Block, R.C. and Xu, Y., "Nuclear Emissions During Self-Nucleated Acoustic Cavitation," Physical Review Letters, Vol. 96, p. 179903(E), (2006) Erratum |
| Jan. 25, 2006 - Purdue/Ishii: Writes Letter to Tsoukalas with Accusations Against Taleyarkhan |
| Jan. 13, 2006 - Purdue/Bertadano: Writes Letter to Ishii with Accustations Against Taleyarkhan |
| Jan. 13, 2006 - "Confidential Communication" Regarding Initiation of Tsoukalas' Committee (Source: Miller report pg. 9, ref. 26) |
| Jan. 11, 2006 - Coblenz: Initiates UCLA Replication Attempt of Self-Nucleated Experiment (Never happened.) |
| Jan. 10, 2006 - Taleyarkhan: Self-Nucleated Paper Accepted in Physical Review Letters |
Jan. 10, 2006 - Nature/Peplow: "Desktop Fusion Is Back on the Table: Physicist Claims to Have Definitive Data, but Can They Be Replicated?"
Key Quotes:
- "Given that Suslick and Putterman have both investigated Taleyarkhan's past claims, they think it odd that they were not consulted by the editors of Physical Review Letters about the paper. ‘There are other people who are very knowledgeable about this,’ comments Martin Blume, editor-in-chief of the American Physical Society."
- "Taleyarkhan says that Suslick and Putterman are welcome to visit his lab to see the results for themselves. Both are eager to go as soon as possible. 'We look forward to seeing the experiment run,' says Putterman."
|
| 2006 |
Dec. 2005 - Butt: Master's Thesis, Acoustic Inertial Confinement Fusion: Characterization Of Reaction Chamber
|
| Oct. 27, 2005 - Nature/Brumfiel: Profile of Seth Putterman: "Fiercely Independent Researcher" |
| Oct. 25, 2005 - Nigmatulin, R.I., Akhatov, I. Sh., Topolnikov, A.S., Bolotnova, R.Kh., Vakhitova, N.K., "Theory of Supercompression of Vapor Bubbles and Nanoscale Thermonuclear Fusion," Physics of Fluids, Vol. 17, p. 107106, (2005) |
| Oct. 7, 2005 - Taleyarkhan: Origin of His Bubble Fusion Work |
| Oct. 5, 2005 - Navy AIO Slide Presentation (General Information) |
| Oct. 2-6, 2005 - NURETH 11 Conference, Avignon, France |
| Sept. 16, 2005 - RPI/Block: Cover Letter sent to Physical Review Letters for "Nuclear Emissions During Self-Nucleated Acoustic Cavitation" |
| July 18, 2005 - Telepolis/Lietz: "Bubble Fusion Takes Next Hurdle"
(See Putterman quote regarding timing coincidences and correction at bottom) |
| July 12, 2005 - Purdue News Service: Press Release for Xu/Butt NED Paper |
| July 11, 2005 - Tsoukalas: First Confirmation of Purdue Press Release to Venere (Second Confirmation) |
| July 8, 2005 - Purdue/Venere: Interview with Rusi Taleyarkhan |
| July 5, 2005 - Purdue Primary Committee Voting on Tenure and Promotions |
| July 5, 2005 - Taleyarkhan: Putterman's Pyro-Fusion is Not Thermonuclear Fusion |
| June 23, 2005 - Taleyarkhan: USPTO Patent Application |
| ~May 2005 - DARPA-Sponsored UCLA Replication Attempt of External Neutron Source Experiment Funded |
| May, 2005 - Physics Today/Levi: Evidence for Plasma Inside a Sonoluminescing Bubble |
| May 3, 2005 - Xu, Y., and Butt, A., "Confirmatory Experiments for Nuclear Emissions During Acoustic Cavitation," Nuclear Engineering and Design, Vol. 235, p. 1317 |
| April 28, 2005 - Purdue/[Redacted]: Professor Trying to Leave Purdue SNE |
| April 28, 2005 - Nature/Peplow: [UCLA crystal piezo fusion work] |
| April 28, 2005 - New York Times/Chang: "Itty-Bitty and Shrinking, Fusion Device Has Big Ideas" |
| April 28, 2005 - UCLA/Putterman-Naranjo-Gimzewski: Publish Crystal Piezo Fusion Work in Nature |
| April 7, 2005 - RPI/Lahey: "Sonoluminescence and the Search for Sonofusion," presented at UCLA |
| April 7, 2005 - RPI/Lahey: Visits UCLA, Observes DARPA-sponsored Replication Attempt of External Neutron Source Experiment - (See NET Special Report) |
| March 25, 2005 - New York Times/Chang: Tiny Bubbles Implode With the Heat of a Star |
| March 7, 2005 - CEN/Dagani: Bubble Inferno |
| March 5, 2005 - Science/Weiss: Brutal Bubbles: Collapsing orbs rip apart
atom |
| March 4, 2005 - Science/Granmar: Hotter Than the Sun |
March 3, 2005 - Nature/Lohse: Cavitation Hots Up
Key quote: "Flannigan and Suslick’s experiments are a milestone in single-bubble sonoluminescence" |
| March 3, 2005 - Flannigan, David J., and Suslick, Kenneth S., "Plasma Formation and Temperature Measurement During Single-Bubble Cavitation," Nature, Vol. 434, p. 52
|
March 2, 2005 - Nature/Peplow: Collapsing Bubbles Have Hot Plasma Core: Find Could Boost Hopes for Bubble-Driven Desktop Fusion
Key quote: - Suslick's research "raises hopes that the effect, called sonoluminescence, might one day be used as an almost limitless source of energy." |
| March 1, 2005 - DARPA awards grant to UCLA for replication attempt of Taleyarkhan's external neutron source sonofusion experiment (Source: AIO) |
Feb. 16, 2005 - BBC Horizon broadcasts: An Experiment to Save the World (Transcript)
(UCLA/Putterman failure to replicate External Neutron Source Experiment) |
Feb. 10, 2005 - Adam Butt: Video of Bubble Fusion Lecture (Taleyarkhan Documentation)
.(Note: New Energy Times has trimmed the beginning of the video to fit within Youtube's limitation. Taleyarkhan's time markers will thus be shifted.) |
| Feb. 7, 2005 - Xu, Y., and Butt, A., "Confirmatory Experiments for Nuclear Emissions During Acoustic Cavitation," accepted for publication - (Publishes in Nuclear Engineering and Designon May 3, 2005) |
| Jan. 25, 2005 - NED/Lohnert: E-mail to Taleyarkhan Inviting Xu/Butt Confirmatory Paper |
| Sept. 14, 2004 - Jan. 19, 2005 - Taleyarkhan-Murray: Messages, Interview Questions Taleyarkhan-Krivit |
| Feb. 2005 - Xu conducts additional experiments that were reported in NURETH-11 paper. Experiments run through the summer. |
| Jan. 19, 2005 - Tsoukalas to Murray: Message to BBC Regarding his Group’s Successful Bubble Fusion Results |
| Jan. 19, 2005 - Taleyarkhan: Sends feedback to BBC (See Jan. 17, 2005) |
| July 18, 2005 - Telepolis/Lietz: Bubble Fusion takes next hurdle |
| Jan. 17, 2005 - Taleyarkhan: Sends Feedback to BBC on UCLA Bubble Fusion Experiment |
| Jan. 13, 2005 - BBC: Informs Taleyarkhan of UCLA's Failure to Replicate External Neutron Source Experiment |
| Jan. 13, 2005 - Naranjo: E-mails Document Package to BBC Horizon |
| Jan. 13, 2005 - Xu/Butt: Submit Manuscript to Nuclear Engineering and Design |
| Jan. 12, 2005 - AFTEC: Consortium Formed to Study Acoustic Fusion;
Could be Alternative to Oil, Gas, Coal and Nuclear Power |
| 2005 |
| Dec. 17, 2004 - Taleyarkhan: E-mail Mentioned in Selander December 8, 2006 - (Not public) |
| Dec. 14, 2004 - Taleyarkhan: E-mail to Xu Regarding PRL Manuscript - (Not public) |
| Nov. 4, 2004 - UCLA Finishes Failed BBC Replication Attempt of External Neutron Source Experiment |
| ~Oct. or Nov. 2004 - UCLA Submits DARPA Proposal for Replication Attempt of External Neutron Source Experiment |
| Oct. 7-10, 2004 - UCLA Performs BBC-Sponsored Replication Attempt of External Neutron Source Experiment for BBC (Source: BBC Horizon) |
| Oct. 2-6, 2005: NURETH-11 Conference, Avignon, France |
| Sept. 17-18, 2004 - BBC Horizon films on-site at Purdue |
| July, 2004 - Xu conducts additional experiments that were reported in NED paper. |
| July 2, 2004 - Tsoukalas: Acknowledges (and Approves) Taleyarkhan Moving Equipment |
| July 1, 2004 - Tsoukalas: Asks his group, via Bertodono to submit abstract for NURETH-11 for their positive bubble fusion experiments. |
| June 2004 - DARPA AICF update meeting, Arlington, VA |
| May, 2004 - Taleyarkhan's off-site laboratory at Purdue is established |
| May, 2004 - Xu completes experiments that were reported in NED and NURETH-11 (begins in Jan. 2004) |
| May x?, 2004 - Tsoukalas: Draft of Paper Reporting Tritium Evidence - (See also Feb. 24, 2006, Aug. 1, 2006 and April 30, 2007) |
| May 14, 2004 - Tsoukalas: E-mail Showing Positive Tritium Data - (See also Feb. 24, 2006, Aug. 1, 2006 and April 30, 2007) |
| March 22, 2004 - Taleyarkhan, R.P., Cho, J.S., West, C.D., Lahey, Jr., R.T., Nigmatulin, R.I., Block, R.C., "Additional Evidence of Nuclear Emissions During Acoustic Cavitation," (pdf) Physical Review E, Vol. 69, p. 36109-1, (2004) |
March 3, 2004 - New York Times/Chang: Experts Say New Desktop Fusion Claims Seem More Credible
(RPI Replication) |
| March 2, 2004 - Purdue News Service:
Evidence Bubbles Over to Support Tabletop Nuclear Fusion Device |
| March 2, 2004 - RPI News Service: ONRL Replication Press Release |
| Jan, 2004 - Xu begins experiments that were reported in NED and NURETH-11 (completes in May 2004) |
| 2004 |
| Dec. 2003 - Taleyarkhan's Plans to Work at DARPA Change |
| Nov. 14, 2003 - Tsoukalas Group Obtains 9th Positive Tritium Measurement |
| Nov. 7, 2003 - Purdue News Service: Taleyarkhan Approved for Designated Professorship |
| Nov. 1 - 4, 2003 - Crum, L., "Sonoluminescence and Acoustic Inertial Confinement Fusion," Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Cavitation, Osaka, Japan |
| Nov. 7, 2003 - Purdue News Service: Announces hiring of Taleyarkhan |
| October - ONR: Scientific Misconduct Allegations Policy
Excerpt |
| October - ONR: Scientific Misconduct Allegations Policy |
| Sept. 29, 2003 - Bertodano: E-mail to Lahey announcing first independent replication by Tsoukalas Group |
| Sept. 19, 2003 - Tsoukalas: Successfully Replicates Taleyarkhan's Bubble Fusion, Signs Wall - (Cho Affidavit Excerpt) (See also May 14, 2004) |
| Aug. 18, 2003 - Taleyarkhan's Tenure at Purdue Begins |
| June 19, 2003 - DARPA: Sonofusion Review Program |
| 2003 |
| Nov. 26, 2002 - ORNL/West: Draft Response to C&EN, Misleading Interpretations of Suslick's Experiments |
| Sept. 6, 2002 - Science/Taleyarkhan et al.: Response to Questions Regarding Nuclear Emissions in Cavitation Experiments |
| Sept. 6, 2002 - Science/Saltmarsh/Shapira: Questions Regarding Nuclear Emissions in Cavitation Experiments, Science, Vol. 297, 5587 |
Aug. 19, 2002 -
Shapira, D., and Saltmarsh, M., "Nuclear Fusion in Collapsing Bubbles - Is It There? An Attempt to Repeat an Experiment That Reported D-D Fusion in Bubble Collapse Induced by Cavitation in Deuterated Acetone," Physical Review Letters, Vol. 89(10), p. 104302
Shapira and Saltmarsh take their paper (first released unofficially on Feb. 20, 2001, published as Ref. 31 to the Taleyarkhan group Science paper on March 8, 2002,) and make minor modifications to it and publish it in PRL. Shapira and Saltmarsh title and write the paper in a way that gives readers the impression that they performed an independent replication of the Taleyarkhan group experiment. They write that they failed to observe positive signals. |
| Month?, 2002 - Lipson: Claims Prior Art of Bubble Fusion |
| July 25, 2002 - July 25 Suslick paper had been given to press in advance and embargoed for July 25 paper. Resulting stories cast aspersions on Taleyarkhan's claim. Stories fail to distinguish between SBSL and MBSL. |
| July 25, 2002 - Didenko, Yuri T., and Suslick, Kenneth S., "The Energy Efficiency of Formation of Photons, Radicals and Ions During Single-Bubble Cavitation," Nature, Vol. 418, p. 394, July 25, 2002.
Paper casts aspersions on feasibility of
Taleyarkhan concept. Suslick et al. measure the temperatures in SBSL and then make a theoretical projection of temperature in MBSL. It is a straw-man argument against the Taleyarkhan groups' evidence of neutrons and tritum. |
| April, 2002 - Physics World/Putterman: "Seth Putterman of the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) has been investigating 'sonofusion' for some years, but is unconvinced by the Oak Ridge results and does not intend to try and repeat them himself. 'We will not morph our project in order to reproduce an experiment that provides no new evidence for sonofusion,' he told Physics World." |
| March 9, 2002 - Science News/Peter Weiss: Star in a Jar? Hints of Nuclear Fusion Found—Maybe |
March 8, 2002 - Science/Seife: "Bubble Fusion" Paper Generates a Tempest in a Beaker
Key Quote: "Tougher criticism comes from Dan Shapira and Michael Saltmarsh, two physicists who are also at Oak Ridge. Late in May, after the lab had given Taleyarkhan and colleagues the go-ahead to submit their results to Science, Lee Riedinger, the lab's deputy director for science and technology, asked Shapira and Saltmarsh to check the work with a more sensitive neutron detector. They concluded that Taleyarkhan's results had been an illusion." |
| March 8, 2002 - Science/Kennedy: Science/Kennedy - To Publish or Not to Publish |
March 8, 2002 - Taleyarkhan, R.P., West, C.D., Cho, J.S., Lahey, Jr., R.T., Nigmatulin, R.I., Block, R.C., "Evidence for Nuclear Emissions During Acoustic Cavitation," (pdf) Supplement #1, Supplement #2, Science Vol. 295, p. 1868 (March 8, 2002)
This is the first Taleyarkhan group paper. Their novel configuration uses deuterated acetone, in a cavitating liquid, in a de-gassed cavitation chamber and uses multibubble sonoluminescence. Previous attempts by other researchers, including Putterman and Suslick, used a cavitation chamber filled with gaseous water and used single-bubble sonoluminescence.
The Shapira and Saltmarsh document (dated and pre-released on Feb. 20) publishes along with the Taleyarkhan group Science paper as Reference 31. This document is essentially the same paper as Shapira and Saltmarsh's later PRL 2002 paper. |
March 5, 2002 - New York Times/Chang: Claim of Small-Scale Fusion Produces Early Skepticism
Key Quotes:
"...a team of scientists will report in Friday's issue of the journal Science that it has achieved nuclear fusion in a small, tabletop experiment. But even before the findings reach print, many scientists are already expressing skepticism and are wondering why Science accepted the article over the doubts."
-
Dan Shapira and Michael J. Saltmarsh, found no sign of the telltale neutrons that would be emitted by fusion...''This is an intriguing idea,'' said Dr. Saltmarsh, a retired scientist at Oak Ridge. ''It's a bit off the wall. But that experiment does not support that it does happen. He said he believed the researchers were detecting random particles from the background, not the product of fusion. ''It's easy to be fooled,'' he said. ''You've got to be really careful.''
- But when Dr. Putterman served as one of the paper's reviewers for Science, he recommended against publication. ''I think the paper is wrong,'' he said.
- Dr. Putterman of U.C.L.A. said the skeptical Oak Ridge team used ''a superior method'' of measuring neutrons. ''I'm not faulting them a priori,'' Dr. Putterman said of the authors of the Science study. ''It's a reasonable vision. Except it was done wrong.''
- Dr. Putterman and Dr. Moss also dismissed the researchers' detection of tritium, the byproduct of fusion. ''Things could be contaminated,'' Dr. Moss said. ''There could be crazy reactions going on.''
- Donald Kennedy, editor of Science, acknowledged the controversy, but defended the paper's publication. In a draft of an accompanying editorial, he wrote: ''In this instance, we see no good reason for suppressing the paper, and even less for attempts to discredit in advance. The premature critics of the result, and those who believe in it, would both do well to cool it, and wait for the scientific process to do its work.''
|
| March 4, 2002 - ORNL press release |
| March 2, 2002 - ORNL/Taleyarkhan et al.write: Comments on the Shapira and Saltmarsh Report. This publishes on March 8, 2002, as a supplemental reference to the main Taleyarkhan group paper. |
| March 1, 2002 - ORNL/Shapira/Saltmarsh write: Comments on Reported Nuclear Emissions During Acoustic Cavitation. This publishes on March 8, as Ref. 31 to the Taleyarkhan group paper. This is the same as the Feb. 20 Shapira and Saltmarsh document. |
| March 1, 2002 - Didenko and Suslick: Their paper, which was published on July 15, is accepted for publication. Didenko and Suslick cast aspersions on the Taleyarkhan group paper which had not published yet. Suslick had privileged access to the Taleyarkhan group paper; he was a reviewer. |
Feb. 20, 2002 - ORNL/Shapira/Saltmarsh. Shapira and Saltmarsh have now been denied a chance to be co-authors of the Taleyarkhan group paper, which would have given them a chance to express their skeptical perspective directly within the Taleyarkhan group's paper. One day earlier, in a meeting with ORNL management, Shapira and Saltmarsh objected to the Taleyarkhan group's pending publication in Science, but their objection was overruled by ORNL management.
Shapira and Saltmarsh write, or complete a previously drafted document: Comments on the Possible Observation of D-D Fusion in Sonoluminescence.
They state that they repeated the Taleyarkhan group experiment (they did not) but they found no supporting evidence.
Shapira and Saltmarsh negotiate with ORNL management and Science to have this document publish along with the forthcoming Taleyarkhan group Science paper as a supplemental reference.
Shapira and Saltmarsh distribute this document in advance of the Taleyarkhan group Science paper publication. The Shapira and Saltmarsh document publishes on March 8 as Reference 31 to Taleyarkhan group Science paper. |
| Feb. 19, 2002 - Meeting at ORNL: Attended by ORNL management, members of Taleyarkhan group, Shapira, Saltmarsh, outside advisors. Management decides to proceed with Science publication, despite objections by Shapira and Saltmarsh. |
| Feb. 14, 2002 - This was the originally scheduled publication date of Science paper which later published on March 8, 2002 . |
| Feb. 2002 - Will Happer (Princeton Plasma Physics Lab), Richard Garwin (IBM): Write letters to Science editor Donald Kennedy and attempt to censor Taleyarkhan group paper (See also Oct. 30, 2008 -Seife) |
| Feb. 6, 2002 - SCIENCE/Seife: Learns that Feb. 14 publication date is postponed. |
February 2002-
Taleyarkhan responds to ORNL management and states that his group will not agree to include Shapira as a co-author of the forthcoming Science paper.
Krivit Analysis: ORNL management did not request Taleyarkhan to add Shapira to the draft forthcoming Science paper because Shapira thought he should get partial credit for the discovery. To the contrary, Shapira, perhaps with some encouragement from certain ORNL management, wanted to insert his skeptical perspective into the forthcoming Taleyarkhan group Science paper.
On page 5 of his Dec. 19, 2001 document, Shapira makes clear what he thinks should go in the forthcoming Science paper: "The authors should point out, in their paper, that a proper coincidence experiment, which tries to associate the nuclear radiation with light coming from the bubble collapse, which occurs about 60µs after the pulsed neutron generator burst, is needed for further proof of their assertion/model."
Shapira pursues this perspective in detail in his Jan. 28, 2002, report. |
| Feb. 1, 2002-
Dick Lahey, a member of the Taleyarkhan group, objects to ORNL's request to add Shapira as a co-author to the Science paper on the basis that Shapira's participation does not merit inclusion as one of the discoverers. |
| Jan. 28, 2002 - ORNL/Shapira writes: "Evaluation of Discrepancy Between Coincidence Measurements Performed by PD and ETD," Oak Ridge National Laboratory Internal Correspondence Report |
| January 2002 -
ORNL management asks Taleyarkhan to include Shapira as a co-author of the forthcoming Science paper. Taleyarkhan sends request to his other team members. |
| 2002 |
Dec. 20, 2001 - Shapira concedes to Taleyarkhan. In response to Taleyarkhan's discovery in Shapira's raw data, Shapira writes that his July 30, 2001, report contained a calculation error and that Shapira's revised calculations of his data taken from Taleyarkhan's July 24, 2001 experiment now confirm Taleyarkhan's excess neutrons.Taleyarkhan and West calculate the statistical uncertanty of Shapira's neutron measurement at 20 sigma.
"So, with a shaking heart, I went on to calculate the ratios with method 1 and method 2 and thank goodness I did not make another mistake
this morning. Whow! The numbers below are with the correct spectrum and they agree with yours, I hope." |
Dec. 19, 2001 - ORNL/Shapira: (Neutronics Review) Shapira reviews draft Taleyarkhan group paper: “Review of Second SL Manuscript by R. P. Taleyarkhan, C.D. West, J.S. Cho, R.T. Lahey, Jr., R. Nigmatulin,” ORNL Physics Division.
Because Taleyarkhan and West found that Shapira's raw data confirm that Shapira measured excess neutrons from the experiment he observed on July 24, 2001, when cavitation was on but not when cavitation was off, Shapira is forced to concede that the July 24, 2001, experiment succeeded. This stands in contrast with Shapira's July 31, 2001, report in which he and Saltmarsh imply that there was no clear sign of excess neutrons.
Pg. 1 Shapira Excerpt: "The paper presents a convincing case of excess tritium production when cavitation is induced in cold deuterated acetone; the methods and procedures in collecting these data have been independently reviewed by a relevant ORNL expert in the field. The paper also presents data which show excess of nuclear radiation (neutron/gammas) production when cavitation is induced in cold deuterated acetone."
Krivit Comment: Shapira accepts the validity of the tritium, which by itself is unambiguous evidence of a nuclear reaction. Shapira accepts that the neutron signal is higher during cavitation than non-cavitation, which is also evidence of a nuclear reaction.
Pg. 5 Shapira Excerpt: "I think the authors are definitely entitled to present their interpretation. I, for example, cannot come up with a credible mechanism that can explain why we have this excess only when they cavitate cold deuterated acetone, except for that D-D fusion events during implosion collapse as suggested by the authors."
Krivit Analysis: Even though Shapira does not agree with the authors' interpretation that they have demonstrated fusion, Shapira cannot offer any other explanation, even a far-fetched one, for the excess of neutrons when cavitation is turned on. (Shapira later develops the far-fetched speculation that excess neutrons were bouncing around in the room only when cavitation was turned on, but by some miracle, such "room return neutrons" were not bouncing around the room when cavitation was turned off.)
Pg. 5 Shapira Excerpt: "The authors should point out, in their [forthcoming Science] paper, that a proper coincidence experiment, which tries to associate the nuclear radiation with light coming from the bubble collapse, which occurs about 60µs after the pulsed neutron generator burst, is needed for further proof of their assertion/model."
Krivit Analysis: Shapira speculates that the detected neutrons might be from the neutron source that is bombarding the test cell in precisely-timed pulses (Pulse Neutron Generator) rather than emanating from the experimental apparatus. Specifically, he conjectures that the occurrence of detected neutrons are insufficiently distinguished in time from the precisely controlled occurrence of neutrons emitted from the PNG.
Krivit Summary: Shapira, a nuclear physicist in the Physics Department, is faced with unambiguous, empirical results of his colleagues in the Engineering Technology Division. He refuses to concede victory to them. Instead, he writes in his conclusion that an improved time resolution between the PNG pulse and the detected neutrons will, in his opinion, constitute scientific "proof" of their fusion claim. The Taleyarkhan group later showed that they could separate the two time-signatures unambiguously.
Taleyarkhan Comment: "After Shapira's admission of his error, the scenario with ORNL management changed in terms of the new realization that the Shapira and Saltmarsh measurements were also showing support for the essence of our claim; nuclear emissions with cavitation on versus off."
Taleyarkhan Comment: "When Shapira was forced to recognize the positive neutron data, as he did in his Dec. 19, 2011, report, he included this data in the subsequent Ref. 31 to Science, but with a twist. He wrote that his neutron data, which was statistically significant, did not match our measured tritium data."
Krivit Analysis:
Shapira didn't compare tritium to the neutron data from the run he observed. He compared it to other runs. You can't do that. You have to compare tritium and neutron emissions emitted concurrently from the same experment. |
| Dec. 12, 2001 - ORNL/Murray, (Tritium Review) Murray performs internal audit of bubble fusion experiment, confirms tritium measurements. “Technical Review (12/01) by M. Murray, Life Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory of Nuclear Emissions During Acoustic Cavitation, by R.P. Taleyarkhan, C.D. West, J.S. Cho, R.T. Lahey, Jr., R.I. Nigmatulin” ORNL Life Sciences Division Internal Correspondence Review Report. |
~ November or early December 2001 - Taleyarkan asks to see, and receives Shapira's raw data.
Taleyarkan and his colleauges find that Shapira's raw data show significant excess neutrons during cavitation. This is in contrast with Shapira's July 31, 2001, report in which he and Saltmarsh imply that there was no clear sign of excess neutrons.
Taleyarkhan: "Shapira and Saltmarsh sent us the raw data. Our group then analyzed it. The main analysts were West, Block, Cho and myself. Lahey and Nigmatulin offered overview advice and reviews of our conclusions. Only after we analyzed it that this stunning result came out and we confronted Shapira and Saltmarsh with the information."
Taleyarkhan: "I wrote to Shapira about our findings and he thereafter went back, re-analyzed the spectra, and confirmed his new analysis to me in his Dec. 20, 2001, e-mail. Shapira's data do indeed show statistically significant increase of emissions - something he had to admit to us in writing only after West and I reviewed Shapira's raw data." |
~ November or early December 2001 - The Taleyarkan group was having trouble getting their paper approved by ORNL management for publication in Science.
Taleyarkhan: "We were going back and forth with Shapira and Saltmarsh and administration at the time. The July Shapira and Saltmarsh report was being circulated around. But on my close examination, I saw that their neutron-gamma curves for cavitation-on appeared to be higher than for cavitation-off. It occurred to me to ask to view their raw data because we were showing our stuff to them." |
July 31, 2001 - Shapira and Saltmarsh write report of Shapira's measurements: "Using a Neutron Detector in Sonoluminescence Experiment - Part II," by D. Shapira and M. Saltmarsh, Physics Division Internal Report.
Saltmarsh and Shapira imply that there is no clear sign of excess neutrons. They write: "From the original experiment and subsequent analysis, we have learned that the effect, if it exists, is small compared with the existing sensitivity ... If it is decided to pursue this line of research, a new experimental set up will be required, just far more sensitive (at least two orders of magnitude,) and with much lower backgrounds." |
| July 30, 2001 - Shapira and Saltmarsh write report of Shapira's measurements: "Using a Neutron Detector in Sonoluminescence Experiment - Part 1," by D. Shapira and M. Saltmarsh, Physics Division Internal Report. Other authors: R. Varner, T. A. Lewis. |
July 24, 2001- After earlier equipment failures with the detector, Shapira makes his third attempt to collect data with the NE-213 neutron-gamma detector in the Engineering Technology Division lab.
In the afternoon, Shapira enters the Engineering Technology Division laboratory to observe the Taleyarkhan experiment and take data. Cho, with some assistance from Taleyarkhan, is the primary operator of the experimental apparatus. Shapira does not operate any of the experimental apparatus. Shapira operates only the NE-213 detector and associated data acquisition system. Shapira also takes sonoluminescence data from the Taleyarkhan group's photomultiplier detector.
Cho operates the experimental apparatus for one hour with cavitation on, immediately followed by another hour with cavitation off, while Shapira takes data. Shapira does not obtain data related to tritium for the experiments performed that day. Shapira does not take data for normal acetone control experiments because those control experiments are not performed that day. (Note: Control experiments for this research can be conducted either by varying cavitation on or off or by varying the use of normal acetone or deuterated acetone.) |
| July 24, 2001-
Around noon, Saltmarsh comes to Taleyarkhan's lab and office and visits with him for about half an hour. The purpose of his visit is to check that preparations for the test are in place and ready. |
| July 24, 2001-
In the morning, JaeSeon Cho, a member of the Taleyarkhan group, begins to set up his group's experiment, which requires several hours of preparation. |
| July 13, 2001 - Shapira's log says "Set up for experiment with coincidence plus singles events..." |
| July 5, 2001 - Shapira's log says "PMT tube in neutron-gamma detector went bad." |
| July 3, 2001 - Shapira's log says "Try to work on improvements - increase coincidence time to 20us." |
June 25, 2001 - Shapira makes second attempt to collect data with the NE-213 neutron-gamma detector in the Engineering Technology Division lab. Shapira collects data while Taleyarkhan group runs experiments with and without cavitation.
Shapira's conclusion: "no clear signal for coincidences." Shapira's subsequent reports (July 30 and 31, 2001) do not compare neutron signal during cavitation versus neutron signal without cavitation. His reports only discuss timing coincidences between neutron counts and sonoluminescence flashes. Shapira does not search for tritium. |
| June 22, 2001 - Shapira makes first attempt to collect data with the NE-213 neutron-gamma detector in the Engineering Technology Division lab. Shapira collects data while Taleyarkhan group runs experiments with and without cavitation. Partial equipment failure occurs with detector. |
| June 18, 2001 -
Shapira (or staff on his behalf) delivers the NE-213 neutron-gamma detector from the Physics Division, as well as a data acquisition system for the detector, to Taleyarkhan's lab in the Engineering Technology Division. |
| ~ May 2001 - ORNL management requests internal peer review.
Lee Riedinger, the deputy director for science and technology at ORNL, asks Dan Shapira and Mike Saltmarsh to check the Taleyarkhan group’s experiment. |
| Jan. 2001 - Taleyarkhan group first observes neutron signals above background from bubble fusion experiment performed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. |
| |
| 2001 |
Oct. 21, 1999- Nature/Henry: Editorial, "Bubbling Hot"
Key quote: "An ingenious method to take the temperatures of cavitating bubbles" |
| Oct. 21, 1999- McNamara III, W.B., Decency, Y.T. & Suslick, K.S., "Sonoluminescence Temperatures During Multibubble Cavitation," Nature, Vol. 401, p. 772, (1999) |
| 1999 |
Aug. 19, 1997 - Putterman: U.S. Patent # 5,659,173, "Converting acoustic energy into useful other energy forms"
Key quotes:
-
"When the gas contains deuterium and tritium there is the feasibility of the other energy form being fusion, namely including the generation of neutrons."
- Claims #30, #84: "...the different energy form includes the generation of fusion."
- "The data and theory strongly support that the invention is equally applicable to the energy form of fusion."
|
| 1997 |
Sept. 6, 1991 - Purdue University Office Of The President Executive Memorandum No. C-22: Policy on Integrity in Research
Key Quotes:
- "The mere suspicion or allegation of wrongdoing, even if totally unjustified, is potentially damaging to a person's career "
- "The individual against whom an allegation has been raised must be afforded the rights of due process, which in this context shall mean being fully informed of all allegations." |
1990 - Crum, L.A. and Gaitan, D.F., "Observation of Sonoluminescence From a Single Stable Cavitation Bubble in a Water/Glycerine Mixture," Frontiers of Nonlinear Acoustics, 12th ISNA, ed. by M.F. Hamilton and D.T. Blackstock, Elsevier Applied Science, New York, p. 459, (1990)
(Single-Bubble Sonoluminescence -SBSL- discovered) |
1982 -
June 8
- Hugh Flynn: Issued U.S. patent (No. 4,333,796) for a "Method of Generating Energy by Acoustically Induced Cavitation Fusion and Reactor Therefor."
(Flynn was the first person to suggest that Sonoluminescence might create the required conditions for fusion.) |
1967 - West, C.D., and Howlett, R., "Timing of Sonoluminescence Flash," Nature, Vol. 215, p. 727, (1967)
(Built inexpensive neutron detector. Used organic fluid with a low vapor pressure placed in an oscillating acoustic field) |
1934 - Frenzel, H., and Schultes, H., "Ultrasonic Vibration of Water," Z. Phys. Chem., Vol. 27B, p. 421,
(Discovered sonoluminescence) |
